Study On Documents Of "Zhuan" From Han Dynasty's Bamboo In Northwest China

“Zhuan”is the Han Dynasty pass instrument,is people usually travel need to carry the qualification certificate,in order to prove their legal mobile qualification.The "biography" of the Han Dynasty is wood,usually written in the length of the Han one foot to a foot three inches,the width of the Han two inch of the wooden slips.According to the writer and the writing habit,the writing purpose is different,the font is mostly official script or cursive.The "transmission" instrument is sometimes numbered,which represents the number of "passes" issued by the issuing authority and the organ for a certain period of time.This is conducive to the official to organize and summarize."Biography" of the use of people are more common,from officials to the civilian travel to carry.According to the different status of users,the "transmission" can be divided into official public,private affairs "transmission" and civil public,private affairs "transmission" two kinds.Official use of business "pass" without the parties themselves to apply,by the dispatch department directly issued.Civil "transmission" is required for both public and private applications.In some cases sheriff "passing" will also be referred to as "communication",because at this time holding "pass" is not only for travel,but also to use the official horse.With regard to the term of use of "transmission",it should be determined when considering when to use,when to the destination and when to lose the use value of three factors.There is no strict time limit."Biography",sometimes referred to as "retransmission",refers to the "transmission" of the original is not replaced by the destination,but can still be used to return to the point of departure of the situation of reuse.The issuing organ of "transmission" is generally the county government where the official dispatching organ or the applicant is located,and on the Northwest Beacon Line is the waiting officer of military nature.From the customary language of official documents in the "transmission" instrument,it can be seen that users will accept the inspection along the way,including counties,Yi,Dao,State of,Hejin,Guan and so on.The staff will inspect the "transmission" and "origin" held by the pedestrians in order.The method of inspection is consistent with the information displayed in the "Transmission" instrument,After inspection,the relevant instruments will be transcribed and returned to the original,and the "transmission" after the transcription will be deposited in the inspection authorities.Other places where "transmission" is stored also include the place and destination of the "transmission".If the "Pass" is lost,the owner needs to report voluntarily,the issuing authority will be based on the local "pass" copies to find the missing "transmission" of the original.This lost and lost is legally applicable and there is a corresponding reward and punishment mechanism.The "KeTian" as seen in the "preaching" instrument is a land form of private ownership of land,which is cultivated by persons who are not registered in the site of the field."KeTian" out of the field rent in kind to pay,the field rent will be marked by the management department as "customer" form.The term "resumption" of the Han Dynasty,as shown in the "biography" instrument,has been in excess of.This may be caused by a change in the length of time in the implementation of the law itself or when it is "reused" as the applicable penalty after commutation of sentence.