Analysis Of Population Changes In Qing Dynasty Based On Genealogical Data

The genealogy is a special book that records the generations of the family and the deeds of important people in the form of pedigree.The genealogy has a long history.The family tree records the population information,including the date of birth,the date of death,marriage,and childbearing.It is an important data for us to study the historical population.In this study,we selected the genealogy "Liaoning Haicheng Shang Genealogy " and "Jiangxi Yifeng Huaikang Cai Genealogy" to sort out the population data in the family tree and analyze the birth time and mortality of the population in Liaoning Province and Jiangxi Province in the Qing Dynasty.Through comparative analysis,it is found that the changes in the birth season of the Qing Dynasty have significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity.Due to the influence of different climatic conditions,agricultural production,social culture and other aspects in China's north and south,Liaoning Province and Jiangxi Province have regional differences in the birth season.The peak of birth in Liaoning Province in the Qing Dynasty was in 2-4 months,and the birth trough was in August.The birth season in Liaoning Province changed little,the summer was the birth trough,and the other three seasons changed little.Jiangxi Province was born in the Qing Dynasty and reached its peak in October-November.It was born in April-May.The birth season in Jiangxi Province changed greatly.Spring was the birth valley and autumn was the birth peak.By comparing the changes of birth time in the period of economic recovery,economic prosperity and economic decline in the Qing Dynasty,Liaoning and Jiangxi provinces have differences in the birth season due to the influence of social and economic development level in different periods.The birth peak in July disappeared in the early stage of economic recovery in Liaoning Province;the small peaks inFebruary and October became more prominent in the middle stage of economic prosperity in the Qing Dynasty,postponing the period of economic decline to March and November;and the birth trough in August remained in the period of economic prosperity and economic decline.In the early stage of economic recovery of Qing Dynasty,Liaoning Province had the lowest birth rate in autumn,the highest birth rate in winter,followed by summer;in the stage of economic prosperity and economic decline,the lowest birth rate was in summer,while in spring,autumn and winter,the change of birth rate was not significant;in the stage of economic recovery,the second peak of birth rate in summer was disappeared in the stage of economic prosperity and economic recession,become a birth trough;the birth trough of the early economic recovery phase disappears after that.The birth trough of the early Qing Dynasty in Jiangxi Province in May was advanced to April in the later period of economic prosperity and recession,and the birth peak in October was postponed to November.In the three economic stages of the Qing Dynasty in Jiangxi Province,the distribution trend of the population's birth season was the same,with the birth peak in autumn and the birth trough in spring.But the seasonal fluctuation of economic boom stage is greater,while the seasonal fluctuation of economic decline stage is the smallest.Due to the level of social and economic development and historical factors in different periods,there are time differences in the birth season between Liaoning Province and Jiangxi Province.The changes in population mortality in the Qing Dynasty have significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity.The mortality rate of the Qing Dynasty varies from period to period and from region to region.The death of the Qing population is the result of a combination of factors.Climate,war,food prices and other factors will have an impact on the mortality rate of the population.Different influencing factors have different effects on mortality in different regions.In this paper,the effects of temperature,war,grain price and drought and flood grades on population mortality in Liaoning and Jiangxi provinces are analyzed by using distributed lag nonlinear model.The mortality rate of Liaoning Province reached its peak around-0.42 °C,and then decreased when the temperature was lower or higher than-0.42°C.The mortality rate of Jiangxi Province increased when the temperature was lower or higher than-0.44 °C.The mortality rate of population in Liaoning Province increases with the number of wars in 0-3 wars,and is the highest in 3 wars.When the number of wars is higher than 3,the mortality rate decreases.In Jiangxi Province,when the number of wars is 1-7,the mortality rate of population increases with the number of wars.In 7 wars,the mortality rate of population reaches the highest.When the number of wars is higher than 7,the mortality rate of population decreases.The flood disaster in Jiangxi Province has a more significant impact on the mortality of the population,while the drought disaster in Liaoning Province has a more significant impact on the mortality of the population;the impact of grain price data on the mortality of the population is more significant in Jiangxi Province.The population issue has always been an important issue of concern to all countries in the world.In contemporary China,social stability,high levels of productivity,and people's lifestyles are very different from those of the Qing Dynasty,and the factors affecting population mortality have also changed.The contemporary population problem is a continuation and expansion of the historical population problem.Studying the historical population,mastering the changes and laws of population development is conducive to exploring strategies for solving population problems,and has important practical significance for contemporary population research.