The Research On The Use Of Ci Tone Of Chao Duanli In The Northern Song Dynasty

Chao Duanli of Northern Song Dynasty entered Da Sheng Fu in his later years.Apart from Zhou Bangyan,he was the only Dasheng lyricist whose collection of ci poems was handed down to now.His ci poetry was highly valued and widely circulated.The study of the use of tones in Chao's ci poetry is helpful for exploring the trends of tonal usage at that time.It also provides an example for the genre development of ci poetry in the late Northern Song Dynasty.140 ci poems of Chaoduanli in 73 tones are extant today,demonstrating a variety in tonal usage and reflecting the aesthetic fashion and interest of literati at that time.Chaoduan Li's ci poems had their tonal origin in those of Liu Yong.many of Chao's lyrics were composed based on the newly-created tones by Liu.They strictly adhered to the tonal norms set by Liu Yong in terms of style,rhythm,voice and theme.Chao Duanli entered Da Sheng Fu at a critical time when the theoretical construction of Da Sheng New Music was about to be completed and the music to be widely disseminated.The composition of ci following the Da Sheng Zheng Tune was a procedure in the creation of Da Sheng Music.Although Da Sheng music books and music scores are lost,the preservation of Da Sheng Zheng tune in Chao's ci poetry provides some clues.As one of the five orthodox tones,the Zhi Diao gradually disappeared in the process of music development,with its causes and time left undetermined by the existing scholarship.By sorting out the emergence and extinction of the Zhi Diao,we could infer the reasons for which the Zhi Tune was incorporated into the Dasheng Music.By explaining the existing tunes of Chao Duanli,we can also explore some specific issues.such as the relationship between Zhongqiang,Taisong and Daqu.It was said that lyricists in the Song dynasty picked tunes according to the month.Chao Duanli.as a master of music,has a possibility of following that rule and the possibility should not be neglected.The tone of Chao's ci related to Da Sheng Fu not only served the entertaining purposes between emperors and subjects,but also had the function of faking peace and eulogizing the great feats.At the same time,it was also one of the ways through which ci composers sought appreciation.In this process,the nature and function of ci transformed and heralded the Northern-Southern Song transition of ci poetry.