The Study On The Relationship Between Title System And Bureaucrat System In Qin And Han Dynasties

The relationship between the title system and the bureaucrat system is a very popular topic in the study of the history of Qin and Han dynasties.The essential attribute of the title system was identity,and the essential function of the bureaucrat system was governance.Therefore,it's a new perspective to explore the relationship between the title system and the bureaucrat system in Han Dynasty in terms of the relationship between the identity system and the governance system.In the Han Dynasty,the relationship between the title system and the Lu-rank system was staggered and juxtaposed according to their respective main advantages,thus forming an intricate double-track system of title and rank.In the field of identity,the value of title was higher than that of Lu-rank;and in the field of governance,the value of Lu-rank was higher than that of title.However,the endogenous contradiction of the double-track system could not be avoided.The different ways of obtaining the title and rank resulted in the double imbalance of the number and value of the title and rank,which was reflected in the two levels of individual and law.The result of the imbalance between title and rank was "rank advancement and title retreat".The identity function of the title system was gradtually declining,from active identity to passive identity recognition.On the contrary,the phenomenon of inheritance of official positions was increasing and the family of bureaucracy was universalizing with the continuous expansion of Lu-rank's identity function.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the official hierarchy system,which took Lu-rank as the main body and combined identity and governance system,was finally born.