The Research Of Shandong Army During The First Sino-Japanse War

The first sino-japanese war,which took place on the land of Korea and China at the end of the 19th century,occupied an important position in modern wars,and its influence involved both parties of the war and even affected the international relations in the far east.The first sino-japanese war experienced four battlefields:Korea,Liaodong area,Shandong Province and Taiwan Province.Although the war lasted for a relatively short time,it was of great significance to the Qing Dynasty.The Qing Dynasty and Japanese attached great importance to it because Shandong played a protective role in the region of jingji and the southern region.The battles in Shandong played a very important role in the whole first sino-japanese war and became the key to lead the trend of the war.From a military perspective,this paper makes a research on the strategic issues of the army in Shandong battlefield,tries to clarify the specific performance of the army in Shandong battlefield,analyzes the reasons for the failure of the army in Shandong Province,and draws useful experience and lessons,which plays a significant role in understanding the development of the whole first sino-japanese war.Before the outbreak of the first sino-japanese war,the land army in Shandong Province included "baqi","luying","fangjun" and "lianjun".While benefiting from the end of the 18th century the development of the westernization movement,the land army’s weapons and equipment,military training in Shandong Province have improved,but it is undeniable that the first sino-japanese war of Shandong army there is still a great problem,such as old military system inherent defects lead to chaos and corruption,the central army and local military and political big shots to the neglect of the construction of the army,and so on.On the contrary,under the guidance of the general policy of foreign aggression of "strengthening the armed forces as the foundation of the rich country",the Meiji government of Japan at this time continuously developed the modern army,navy and military industry,and established the military institutions such as the staff headquarters to actively cultivate military talents.Under the background of the gap is so big,the army at the beginning of the battlefield in Shandong presents the characteristics of passive defense.And under the defense of the governor Fu Run,Li Bingheng and Li Hongzhang,the number of army in Shandong Province has expanded to about 80 battalions,and the ordnance grain has been improved.However,Li Bingheng’s defense plan has serious imbalances,which is one of the important reason for the failure of the Shandong battlefield army.Subsequently,China and Japan carried out the battle of Rongcheng Bay,the battle of Baima River and Weihai Defense War.The shandong army showed certain courage and patriotic enthusiasm,but the battle ended in failure.The defeat of the army directly foreshadows the destruction of the beiyang navy.The reason of its failure is the serious lag of the modernization of Shandong land army.And the political autocratic system,the closed cultural and educational system and the seriously backward leadership ideology and culture are the main reasons for the serious backwardness of China’s military reform.These factors,taken together,became the important reasons for the failure of the army in the first sino-japanese war.After the first sino-japanese war,the Qing government to rethink and more realize the importance of the land force,not only in Shandong Province,across the country began to abandon the old system,the institution change.