The Characteristics Of Adolescent Self-management And Its Relationship With Parental Behavior,School Climates,School Engagement

Adolescents'self-management capability refers to actively regulate and regulate their cognition,behavior and emotion in order to meet the requirements of the society and the goals of study,life,psychology and morality they identify with,which is associated with various kinds of positive developmental outcomes,thus the association between self-management and academic performance has received an increased research attention.The current study(1)explores the theoretical construct of adolescents'self-management capability,(2)investigates the mediation role of self-management ability plays in the relation between parental warmth,behavioral control and adolescents'school engagement(i.e.,emotional,behavioral,and cognitive engagement,(3)and examines the moderating role of school climate(i.e.,teacher-student relationship,clarify expectation)in the association between adolescents'self-management ability and school engagement.In study 1,several semi-structured interviews with 30 students and 11 teachers were conducted as a tentative exploration of the construct of adolescents'self-management capability.Based on the results of the qualitative study,a pool of candidate items measuring adolescents'self-management capability were drafted.We prepared the self-management prediction questionnaire(55 questions in four dimensions)in accordance with the development characteristics of Chinese adolescents,and used the questionnaire to measure the self-management ability of 562 adolescents(M=12.19,SD=1.56).Exploratory factor analysis results support the four-dimensional model hypothesis.In addition,according to the analysis results,we deleted the items with load lower than.32 and the problems with cross-loading,and modified the wording of some items to form the second edition of the youth self-management questionnaire(21 questions in total).Based on study 1,study 2 used stratified overall sampling to select 515 adolescents(M=12.93,SD=1.58)from 2 schools in Guangzhou as subjects to verify the reliability and validity of the second edition of the self-management questionnaire.The overall model fit was favorable(?~2=540.405,p<.001,df=183,CFI=0.905,SRMR=0.047,RMSEA=0.062[0.056,0.068]).The 21-item ASMS has good internal consistency and reasonable predictive validity,which is positively related to school engagement,academic behavior and academic buoyancy.The the first version of the self-management capability scale were validated among 1077 students in in Guangzhou.Study 3 examines the association among parental warmth,behavioral control,adolescents'self-management capability and school engagement.A total of 1066 students(M=11.51,SD=1.57)and their parents from 5 schools in Guangzhou were recruited.In study 3,We investigate the mediating role of self-management between parental warmth,parental behavioral control and school emotional,behavioral,and cognitive engagement.In addition,we also explore the moderating effect of school climate(i.e.,teacher-student relationship,clarify expectation)on self-management and school emotional,behavioral,and cognitive engagement.Results suggested that(1)Adolescents'self-management is composed of four factors:self-planning,self-regulation,self-control and self-reflection;(2)parents'levels of education were positively associated with adolescents'self-management capability;(3)gender difference were found in adolescents'levels of school engagement.Female adolescents had a higher level of school behavioral engagement than did male adolescents;(4)Parental warmth were positively related to adolescents'self-management and school engagement;(5)Teacher-student relationship moderated the relation between self-management capability and emotional engagement;(6)and clarification of expectation moderated the association between self-management and emotional engagement and cognitive engagement.Results contribute to theory development by developing and validating a new measurement of adolescents'self-management,and understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between parental behavior and school study.Given the prominent positive effects that self-management capability has on a wide range of adolescents'positive outcomes,future studies should continue to study the mechanism of self-management.