The Inspection On Grammar And Semantic Of The Commonly Used Approximate-Numeral Particles In Chinese

The approximate number is the estimated number for the objectives.The approximate-numeral particles are used to mean the approximate-number which are used after the numerals,measure words or the phrases consist of numerals and measure words.Since ancient times and from the dialects to the common Chinese,the commonly approximate-numeral particles in Chinese include the monosyllable words"Ba"(把),"Lai(来)","Xu(许)",and the disyllabic words"Guangjing(光景)","Zuoyou(左右)","Shangxia(上下)".The etymology of the approximate-numeral particles are different which makes their different usings in the syntax distribution and the semantic features.But they still have something in common.In the aspect of the syntax distribution,the monosyllable words usually adhere to the numerals or quantitative phrases.The syllable of the numeral or the quantitative phrase are limited by the approximate-numeral structures that consist of the monosyllable words which are influenced by the rules of the rhyming(e.g:the words must be the monosyllables when used before "Ba(把)").The approximate-numeral particles that adhere to the numerals effect on the numerals,so the numerals usually have long number and the number zero is at the end-position.No matter what the attribute is,the measure word for things and for actions can be used after the combination of the numeral and the approximate-numeral particles.The approximate-numeral particles work on the measure words when used after the quantitative phrases.The attributes of the measure words are the points to combine the approximate-numeral particles.The numerals before the measure words must be the cardinal numerals for the balance of the rhythm.The nouns and the adjectives sometimes can be omitted in the approximate-numeral structures depend on the context.The disyllabic words can only be used after the quantitative phrases(except for the omissions)and no other components can be used after them.The meaning of all the approximate-numeral particles is‘about,or so’no matterwhich source field they are from."Lai(来)","Xu(许)","Zuoyou(左右)","Shangxia(上下)"are the words of spatial domain in history initially."Guangjing(光景)"is in the time domain and"Ba(把)"is from the quantitative domain.They work in the quantitative domain because of the metaphor of cognition."Lai(来)"means the motion when works in the spatial domain.It helps to express the time that is passed or not coming when works in the time domain and it map to the quantitative domain from the time domain."Xu(许)"and"Zuoyou(左右)","Shangxia(上下)"means‘around something’when work in the spatial domain.When mapping to the quantitative domain they mean‘about or so’."Guangjing(光景)"is a word work in the time domain,going with its contextual expansion,it become the word work in the quantitative domain.Finally"Ba(把)","Lai(来)","Xu(许)","Guangjing(光景)"and "Zuoyou(左右)","Shangxia(上下)" are the commonly used approximate-numeral particles after the reanalysis and reinterpretation.