Research On Han Dynasty Hexi Floating Population And Related Issues Seen In The Bamboo Slips

The floating population in the Han dynasty mainly consisted of "Congzhe","Zuozhe","Yong","Jiuren","Chefu",and "families of soldiers" and so on."Subordinates" include slave-servants in addition to the editors.As the confidants of the main family,they handle confidential and important private affairs for them.The "Congzhe" is an employment group that is organized by the government or privately hired to transport food.There are differences in identity,delivery items and organizational form between them and the "Chefu"."Author" is a floating population engaged in chores,most of his name is attached to the employer,Han law does not allow illegal people as "Zuozhe".In addition to acting for Yong,Han Jane’s "Yong" also has a "fetching Yong" situation.There are restrictions on doctrine of birth and title,age,and identity.The employed population can be collectively referred to as "mediocre",and sometimes it also includes derogatory meaning,and the status and treatment are relatively humble.Employed laborers account for a large proportion of the forces of the Han Dynasty.The floating population is mainly engaged in farming,commerce,engineering construction,transportation and other affairs in the northwest border area.The northwest region is sparsely populated,and the floating population from outside the country cultivates land and engages in agricultural production by "occupying fields".The "Jiantian" in the Han Bamboo Slips is a portrayal of migrants engaged in agricultural production.The long-term social stability of the Han Dynasty and the need for commodities in the northwest frontier made it possible for long-distance business activities.People in the Mainland go to the border areas of Zhangye and other counties to conduct "private markets" and engage in commercial activities during the agricultural slack season.The "zuozhe" and the family members of the soldiers should participate in the construction and repair of fortifications,develop and transport logistics materials under the organization of the government,and also participate in the field work.The floating population also participates extensively in the employment activities of "Jiuyun".For the floating population in the northwestern frontier area,the imperial court effectively manages them by issuing different types of "symbols","passes","to" and other passes.Officials and ordinary editors mainly use "zhuan";"slave" can also use "characters" such as "family entry and exit symbols";"Li" and sentenced prisoners mainly use "zhi";"Yan" is applicable to "Ketian" and criminals,and its effectiveness is similar to "to".The "guarantee" letter processed by the insured person needs to be used together with its customs clearance documents.The guarantor should explain the information of the "guarantee" person and the purpose of travel.At the same time,Bao and documents should be presented at the same time.After the inspection authority confirms that it is correct and transcribes a copy,it can pass customs.There are also some "passengers" in the northwest region,and they are "welded" and "sent" by the government.These "passengers" may be people from countries in the Western Regions traveling to and from the interior.The floating population of many inner counties-border counties has brought advanced production technology to the northwest region and promoted the development of agriculture in the northwest region.The population movement in the Hexi region also enhanced the relationship between the Han and the surrounding ethnic groups,and promoted ethnic integration to a certain extent.However,the existence of population movement has increased the difficulty of government management.Some garrisons collected money to serve on behalf of others after the expiry of their service.Some people served for many times for Yongjin,and even got paid to work as frontier guard posts.This illustrates some of the shortcomings of the Han Dynasty’s "practice" system.