Management Of The Urban Population In The Song Dynasty

With the development of urban economy in Song Dynasty, urban population increased very much. Urban population mobility was big and population had complicated composition, which demonstrated theirs own characteristics. For this reason, the feudal government adopted different policies to the different kinds of population in the cities, and strengthened the control over urban population.The article was divided into five parts. In first part, it analysed that there was the scale of a generation of urban population in Song Dynasty in China. Urban economy got considerable development in Song Dynasty. On the premise of this, the urban size of population greatly increased, especially a large number of people in the countryside changed over to cieties. And then it analysed the reasons that the masses of people in the countrysides changed over to the cities , and carried on analysis to the size of population of many cities of Song Dynasty. The urban size of population increased in Song Dynasty.Compared with former generation, urban population is larger.In second part, it analysed that the Song 's managed to the registered permanent residence registering and household register. Urban population and rural population listed in different editions of books respectively in the course of registering in registered permanent residence in Song Dynasty. Urban population was classified as " the Fangguo Hu ", which was the first difference on household register of rural and urban population was divided. "The Fangguo Hu" included main fact ones and customers like rural family. The customers adhered to behind the main family, didn't divide the grade of them, and didn't usually bear the taxes. "The Fangguo Hu" had been dividen into ten grades according to amount of property, which would bear the levying of the feudal country according togrades. Main customer of "the Fangguo Hu" undertook the difference of feudal obligations,etc. while the feudal country strengthened management in the course of registering in registered permanent residence. Government exercised supervision functions, prevented government official from abuseing rights and causing register unfounded, thus prevented to bring the burden of overloading to people, or bring disasters. For this reason, the feudal government had implemented a set of effective resignation systems of people. In addition, the feudal government implemented the neighbourhood administrativesystem system in the urban and rural areas, linked the household register to social security, and strengthened feudal people's management. This was managing to the community that people implemented.In the third part, it was the control over floating population in cities. City flew size of population heighten, and feudal government Song Dynasty took different policies while being different kinds of urban floating population. To a large number of victims of the disaster incurred because of famine due to crop failures, the government was besides offering the food during held up inning, still adopted the administration means to offer the accommodation to victim of the disasters, let the victim of the disaster have places that stayed in in the city. In order to reduce the pressure of the city; after the disasters, the government adopted the policies of dredging mainly, attracted people to belong to the township and return to the ancestral home. In order to strengthen the management and implementation and relieve the activity, to some vagrants unwilling to belong to the township, the government set up temporary household register files. To the hired labourers or merchants in the industries and commerce helded up in in the city for a long time, the government adopted the corresponding policies too. The hired labourers was more steady population who was engaged in producing and serving in the cities, offering the facility to the masses of urbanites, and so the government took measures to limit theirs freedom. They couldn't move out of the cities at will and couldn't be employed by others freely either. They not only limited by craft guild but also limited by local authorities. To the nonlocal retailer entering the market, the Song 's sets up outside one layer of dense commercial taxes networks , meanwhile , it still utilized the shops one to supervise travelling businessman's trades. During urban floating population included loafing and lazy persons occupied with nothing. The government would visit and fall population to confine to minimum range on the registered permanent residence, or enlisted persons for service in the armed forces to them to guard them in the frontier to dispel the urban factor leading to social instability. The government always had jurisdictions over them, and choose persons who were capable and vigorous strong men to seize them and to punish to them severely without mercy .In the fourth part, it was the management of some disadvantaged groups to the city. The Song 's took special looking after and control measures to such somedisadvantaged groups as widowers, widows, orphans, the elderly and childless in urban population person, poor people and beggar, etc. have set up and developed the permanent establishment of the disadvantaged groups of relief. In order to alleviate the predicament that the disadvantaged groups face, the Song 's implemented the provisional succour measures at the same time. The social security system of Song Dynasty had developed tentatively. China's ancient real social security undertaking began since Song Dynasty, which was in great significance and on far-reaching influence.In the fifth part, it summarized the effects of urban population management of Song Dynasty, function, limitation and causing the thinking of contemporary urban population management. To a certain extent, in the course of registering in the registered permanent residence in Song Dynasty, division of the grade of registered permanent residence, there were scientifically, fairly, rationally. To the management of floating population and some disadvantaged groups, would reduce the urban population pressure, reduce the urban potential safety hazards, and increase the city and trouble hand etc. However, it was a feudal government's behavior to manage of urban population, there must be deep era to brand, which had unavoidable limitations. Meanwhile, management in urban population of the feudal society in Song Dynasty, will cause the thinking of contemporary urban population to nowadays a large amount of urban floating population management and influence the formulation and implementation of the principles and policiesThe urban size of population increased by a large margin in Song Dynasty, and which goerrnment controlled over urban population had its one's own characteristics, and made the effect too. The study on urban population management of Song Dynasty, contributed to having deeper understanding to the feudal society, contributed to the control over nowadays urban population at the same time and played a role in drawing lessons from.