The Management Of Population Flow In The Western Han Dynasty Viewed From The Private Passage Of Han Dynasty Wooden Slips From Jianshuijinguan

The Western Han Dynasty set up a number of military checkpoint throughout the country.At the same time,it implemented a system of passing through customs by means of customs clearance certificates such as transmit orders,symbol and decree.Among them,the content of private communication can more completely reflect the travel situation of ordinary people in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty.Han Dynasty Wooden Slips from Jianshuijinguan contains a large number of private communication documents,which had strict application procedures.The application procedures were simplified in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty because of the adjustments made by the Western Han government to the basic administrative system.The measures did not affect the management of population movement by the Western Han government.The application for private communication should not only report the information of the applicant step by step according to the application procedure,but also conduct a comprehensive information investigation on the application for private communication.Meanwhile,the government of the Western Han Dynasty also linked people's travel to the economic construction of the northwest frontier by making corresponding travel regulations.On the premise of ensuring the stability of social order and the economic development of the northwest frontier,the three aspects work together to realize the meticulous management of floating population.The adoption of private communication documents is subject to strict inspection.First of all,the inspection sites were diversified,which included not only pass and river such as Hangu Pass,but also various institutions such as principality,district,county and post station.The second was the rigour of the inspection procedures.Each place must be checked according to the prescribed procedures,including the filing of records when passing through the checkpoint for the first time,and checking the original with accessories when returning.On the premise of allowing ordinary people to travel,these measures were adopted to prevent illegal travel.In the Western Han Dynasty,according to the changes in the situation,the system of private communication adoption was constantly adjusted.In different historical periods,the establishment of Pass and the application and adoption of private communication need to be adjusted according to different policies of the Western Han Dynasty.During the Kaiserin Lü period,various measures were taken to prevent the people of east of central Shaanxi plain from marrying and trading with the people of the central Shaanxi plain without authorization.Emperor Wen of Han abolished the Guanzhuan system in order to facilitate people's travel and develop the economy.Emperor Jing of Han restored the system to prevent military accidents.Emperor Wu of Han implements the Guanzhuan system.Before the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,because the Han Dynasty adopted the overall strategy of governing east of central Shaanxi plain by central Shaanxi plain,the Guanzhuan system implemented by the Western Han Dynasty basically adopted control measures in customs clearance and trade under the condition that the sovereignty of the whole country has not yet fully controlled by the central government of the Han Dynasty.After the central government of the Western Han Dynasty fully controlled the ruling power,the Guanzhuan system was still in use.Obviously,the Western Han government realized the important role of Guanzhuan system in ensuring social order stability and national security.The contents of the private communication documents reflected the corresponding conditions formulated by the Western Han government in the process of application and adoption of private communication according to the actual state of the country,so as to manage the floating population,develop social economy and ensure the stability of the ruling order to the greatest extent.The change of Guanzhuan system not only adapted to the policies of different periods,but also managed and guided the movement of population appropriately,finally achieving the political goal of consolidating the rule.