A Study Of Scottishness In The Chinese Translation Of Waverley From The Perspective Of Landscape

Sir Walter Scott(1771-1832)was a British novelist,but more importantly,a Scottish national hero.He was praised as "the father of Scottish tourist trade".His literary works "invented Scotland" and "framed Scottish cultural identity".However,Chinese literary academia has so long been influenced by mainstream English literature canon.It neglects the national complexities and diversities in British literature,thus neglects the Scottishness embedded in Scott's works,and lacks studies on the transfer of Scottishness in the Chinese translation.Waverley or Tis Sixty Years Since(1814)was the first historical novel of Scott.The Scottish landscape in the novel is not merely regarded as historical background,but rather pushed to the position of foreground,revealing Scottish heterogeneity and the author's Scottish identity.This study employs landscape theory as descriptive framework and Venuti's foreignizing translation as translation criticism standard.It answers the following questions:What are the categories of landscape in Waverley?How does the landscape reveal Scott's writing purpose of Waverley and indicate Scottish heterogeneity?What Scottish heterogeneity is lost or represented in the Chinese translation of Waverley?This thesis,by examining Waverley and comparing it with the Chinese translation,detects the Scottishness embedded in its Scottish natural and cultural landscape descriptions.They construct a charming Scottish image and evoke a sense of loyalty to Scottish national culture.However,affected by mainstream English literature canon,the translator was unaware of the Scottish foreignness in the foreign text overall.With the application of transparent translation,the translator generalized and deleted some Scottish landscape descriptions,causing much loss of the Scottishness in the original text,though he occasionally employed the resistant translation strategy,specifically addition and explication,to represent Scottish heterogeneity.Foreignizing translation aims to signify the foreignness of the foreign text.The Chinese translation of Waverley largely loses Scottish heterogeneity due to complying with the Anglocentric poetics,but Waverley,the original text,is in fact aimed at resisting Anglocentric cultural hegemony.In this sense,the thesis promotes to pay more attention to the Scottish heterogeneity written in English and preserve the marginal Scottish cultures as many as possible.Incorporation of Scottish heterogeneous discourses with translation helps to enrich cultural diversities,reveal the author's writing purpose and national identity,and further resist cultural hegemony and revise mainstream discourse.