Selective Attention Of Individuals With Contingent High Self-Esteem To Rejection Information

Objective:In the complex society,the rejection information can be seen everywhere,and everyone has different attitudes and behaviors when facing the rejection information.With the proposal of the heterogeneity hypothesis of high self-esteem,not all individuals with high self-esteem have good self-esteem.As a kind of heterogeneity high self-esteem,contingent high self-esteem is different from true high self-esteem,and its self-esteem state is dependent on external factors.This part of the group pays more attention to others'evaluation of themselves.Individuals with contingent high self-esteem are more afraid of being rejected by others or groups,which may even lead to violent behaviors and other negative behaviors.Therefore,the reasons for the difference between individuals with contingent high self-esteem and those with true high self-esteem in the face of rejection information are less concerned at present.Therefore,this paper intends to explore the cognitive differences between two types of individuals with high self-esteem in the face of rejection experience.According to the results of this study,the corresponding counseling or intervention suggestions were put forward,so as to improve the cognitive processing ability of high self-esteem on negative information.Methods:This article through the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and The contingencies of self-esteem scale selection contingent high self-esteem individuals and true high self-esteem individuals.In Study 1,we used independent sample t-test to analyze the difference of rejection sensitivity between interpersonal rejection sensitivity scale and expected rejection sensitivity scale.In Study 2,we used the negative priming task paradigm,and adopted 2(Subjects type:Contingent high self-esteem and true high self-esteem)×3(Pictures type:rejection,neutrality,acceptance)×2(Experimental conditions:negative priming condition and control condition).Combined with ERP technology,the cognitive processing differences of rejection information between the two were further analyzed.Results:(1)Contingent high self-esteem individuals in personal rejection sensitivity scale(t=3.80,p<0.001)and the expected rejection sensitivity scale score(t=4.45,p<0.001)and to anxiety of rejection dimension score(t=3.99,p<0.001)significantly higher on the true high self-esteem individuals,and on the expectations of accepted dimension score was significantly lower than the true high self-esteem individuals(t=2.46,p<0.05).(2)According to the analysis of repeated variance of response time in the detection phase of negative priming task,the main effect of face type was significant,F(2,39)=12.20,p<0.001,partial?~2=0.39;the main effect of experimental condition was significant,F(1,40)=72.45,p<0.001,partial?~2=0.64;the interaction of experimental condition×self-esteem type was significant,F(1,40)=8.28,p=0.01,partial?~2=0.17;self-esteem type×picture type×experimental condition interaction was significant,F(2,39)=3.69,p=0.03,partial?~2=0.16.The post test showed that the response time of the two groups of high self-esteem individuals in the negative priming task was significantly less than that of the neutral face picture(994.78±30.93ms,p<0.01)in the receptive face picture(902.94±26.68ms)and the rejection face picture(904.19±24.38ms).From the negative priming quantity,the main effect of self-esteem type is significant,F(1,40)=8.28,p=0.01,partial?~2=0.17;the interaction effect of self-esteem type×picture type is significant,F(2,39)=3.69,p=0.03,partial?~2=0.16.The negative priming quantity of the face with high self-esteem was significantly smaller than that of the real face with high self-esteem(54.78±13.75ms vs.110.71±13.75ms,p<0.01).(3)The results showed that the two groups induced significant N1,P2 and LPC components in the negative priming task.On the N1 amplitude,self-esteem type×picture type×left and right brain area interaction was significant,F(4,27)=3.88,p=0.01,partial?~2=0.37;on the P2 latency,Self-esteem type×Picture type×Experimental condition interaction was significant,F(2,29)=3.54,p=0.04,partial?~2=0.20.In the late stage of attention processing(400-700ms),the difference wave of high self-esteem in negative priming and control conditions was significantly greater than that in real high self-esteem(-1.73±0.73?V vs.0.48±0.65?V,p<0.01).Conclusion:(1)The individuals with contingent high self-esteem are more sensitive to rejection,more afraid of rejection and less likely to be accepted than those with true high self-esteem.(2)The individuals with contingent high self-esteem have insufficient ability to suppress the rejection information,and the individuals with contingent high self-esteem have allocated more attention resources to the rejection information,less attention resources to the reception information,and the frontal lobe plays an important role here.