A Study Of "Ch'i" Theory In "Mencius Teacher's Theory" By Huang Zongxi

"Mencius' theory of teachers" is Huang Zongxi's work that he thought he knew the gist of his theory of teachers and used it to explain "the meaning of teachers".On the surface,it is Liu Zongzhou's ambition,but in fact,it is Huang Zongxi's work.It is the characteristic of the book to explain Mencius with "ch'i",which embodies Huang Zongxi's "vision of ch'i".Based on this,through the analysis of " ch'i " Theory in "Mencius teacher theory",it is of great significance to explore the ideological trend of Huang Zongxi's integration of " ch'i Theory" and "mind theory" for the evolution of the last stream of mind theory in the Ming Dynasty and the transformation of Philosophy in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.In his early years,Huang Zongxi fought with the army,and in his later years,he turned to the Confucian forest and wrote Meng after reading many books.It is precisely because Huang Zongxi is in the stage of academic and social changes that "Mencius teacher said" has "amphibious".It not only highlights the concern of traditional Li,Ch'i,Nature and Mind,but also replaces the academic atmosphere of practical application into it.There are not only the interpretation pursuit of "making a statement on behalf of teachers","making a statement on behalf of saints",but also the interpretation purpose of "speaking for yourself".Huang Zongxi explained "the unity of benevolence and righteousness with the help of" ch'i "theory in"Mencius teacher theory ".In Huang Zongxi's view,"ch'i" is both metaphysical and metaphysical.In terms of metaphysics,"ch'i" has three kinds: creativity,integration and morality.First of all,Huang Zongxi believes that there is no difference between the heaven and the earth.Ch'i has the property of biochemical everything.Secondly,"ch'i" is compatible with Li,Ch'i,Nature and Mind.Huang Zongxi continued the thought of "mind is nature" and "mind is reason" in mind science,and integrated the Li,Ch'i,Nature and Mind more thoroughly.Finally,"Ch'i" is moral.Huang Zongxi thought that "the Mind of biology is also benevolence"."Mind" continues the character of "shengsheng",and gives birth to goodness.Thus,the transformation from "The world is full of Ch'i" to "The world is full of mind" was completed.As far as metaphysics is concerned,Huang Zongxi first recognized the rationalization of natural nature and put the act of seeking benevolence and righteousness into the scope of meritorious work to regulate the tension between benevolence and utility.Secondly,put the popularity of gasification into practice,because in Huang Zongxi,"Ch'i" is not only the natural gas,but also the spiritual gas,which can be "directly raisedand harmless,and plugged between heaven and earth." Finally,with the help of "Ch'i" infinite time,broad extension and implied dominance,the position of historiography is highlighted."Ch'i" corresponds to historiography from a distance.The span of historiography in time and space is the embodiment of the timeliness and extension of Huang Zongxi's theory of "Ch'i",and the embodiment of the relationship between the theory of "Ch'i" and the theory of "Ch'i".In a word,Huang Zongxi's philosophy of Ch'i monism covers metaphysics,domination and popularity,benevolence,righteousness and work,noumenon and work,and realizes the integration of heaven,earth and everything in one from the perspective of Ch'i theory.Although Huang Zongxi's "Ch'i" theory has progressive significance,it still hasn't escaped the limitations of "Ch'i" theory itself,and there are some short boards that are difficult to be self consistent,especially worthy of our attention.At the time of Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Confucians always had the feelings of academic reflection and saving the world,among which Huang Zongxi was the one with the highest voice.His criticism of Neo Confucianism is of great significance to the academic trend of late Ming and early Qing.Huang Zongxi not only maintained the criticism on the practical position,but also had the consciousness of historiography on the development of Confucianism.It is in this academic thinking that Huang Zongxi thought that the study of mind in Ming Dynasty was an extension of the study of agency in Song Dynasty,and the development of the study always maintained a kind of "continuity in fracture".