The Comparative Study Of Huainan School And Dong Zhongshu's Tao-Shu View

Tao and Shu are the ideological discourse shared by the Huainan school and Dong Zhongshu.They express their understanding of the ideal order through Tao and Shu,and solve the problem of the placement of individuals in the world.With the separation of Tao and Shu as the basic ideological framework and Tao as the foundation of the ideological system,the cultural resources are integrated to reshape the spirit of the Times.The composition of the people in Huainan school is complicated.There are not only the later learning of various schools but also the gathering of scholars and the diverse sources of thoughts,but the main body thought is the continuation of the Lao-Zhuang's Theory,especially inheriting thought of Zhuangzi,which occupies a dominant position.Therefore,they regarded the individual as the foundation of the universe.By analyzing the use cases of Tao and Shu in the discourse of Huainan school,the meanings of Tao and Shu in Huainan school are mixed,on the one hand,they inherited the old meanings,on the other hand,they formed a new view of Tao and Shu with a complete structure.By the analysis from the perspectives of Noumenon and its Function,Root-Branch,Subject,Object,and taking the Nature as medium,a clear distinction was revealed.The Tao deal with the vertical relationship of Tian-Ren by the manner of generating and granting.The Shu deal with the level relationship between the main body and things.The Tao's subject is itself.The Shu's subject is personage.In the opinion of Huainan school,every person is the bearer of Tao and Shu.The activity of alchemists in Huainan school makes the meaning of the Shu expanding,and the reason channel of the Shu increased from one-way path which is from the inward to outward to shuttle-way by adding the life-cultivating path which is from the outward to inward.In the face of human affairs,the application of the Shu is emphasized,while in the face of the eternal road,the cultivation which is from the Shu to the Tao is emphasized.Dong Zhongshu's thought inherited the traditional Confucian culture,and for the other individual thoughts he have obvious exclusive standpoint.Through the train of thought which used Yuan to rectify Tian,he granted the moral reason to the Tian.At the same time,combined with traditional thought that Tian has the attribute of sanctity,he taking the holy Tian as a way ofjustification to bestow the ethics on the nature.This process makes heaven and humanity unifies actually in the way of righteousness,implement for the ritual of righteousness,the ritual is the way.But becomes the virtue needs the heaven and the human person three sides' joint action,the heaven and earth's function to the human stops at the nature,the human being does not accept the heaven and earth's decision,the humanity turns into the ideal realization to need the enlightenment,the enlightenment way is the benevolence righteousness way.The only person who can connect people with heaven is the emperor,so the emperor becomes the main body of enlightenment,the ideal of humanity becomes the emperor's enlightenment,and the relationship between heaven and human beings is all controlled by the emperor,which is just a confucianized code of propriety and righteousness for the emperor.The tradition since the Zhou Dynasty emphasizes the importance of virtue.Confucianism interprets virtue as benevolence and righteousness,and Dong regards virtue as the criterion for distinguishing Tao and Shu.The value level of Tao is higher than that of Shu.Huainan school and Dong Zhongshu's Tao-Shu views respectively represent the naturalism and humanism thought,they reflected the separate branch of Chinese culture of the Han Dynasty,the Tao-Shu view of the Huainan school which represents the Taoist school defeated in the competition of national ideology.So the thought enter the non-governmental society to combine with folk arts of necromancy,promote the production of Taoism,reshape the folk religious beliefs.Then Dong Zhongshu's Tao-Shu view which represented Confucianism became the national ideology,combined with power,dominated the mainstream values of Chinese culture.