Research On Coordinating Conjunctions "He" "Yu" "Gen" "Tong" Acquisition Of Foreign Students From European And American Countries

In modern Chinese grammar system,the four words "he","yu","gen" and "tong"are not only widely used but also frequently used,which makes them the key function words in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.However,they are also the typical function words integrated with preposition and conjunction function,rich in semantics and complex in grammar usage and difficult to master in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.And they are listed as one of the most difficult and the highest frequency function words to distinguish in the Chinese Proficiency Test Syllabus."he","yu","gen"and "tong" are common in the function of preposition and conjunction.While this dissertation only discusses the conjunction part.For the convenience of writing,hereinafter to be referred as "he" group coordinating conjunctions.Due to the systematic differences in conjunctions between English and Chinese,"he" group coordinating conjunctions bring lots of obstacles and errors for foreign students from Europe and America countries.This dissertation is based on HSK dynamic composition corpus of BCC,and does systematic investigation and analysis on "he"group coordinating conjunctions acquisition of foreign students from European and American countries.Based on the research findings of grammarians,this dissertation begins with the contrastive analysis of "he" group coordinating conjunctions and the corresponding words in English and the confusable words from the perspectives of semantics,syntax and pragmatics,as a foundation for further discussion.Then,based on the interlanguage corpus of foreign students from European and American countries,this dissertation makes an in-depth analysis on the error types and causes of "he" group coordinating conjunctions acquisition of foreign students from Europe and America countries,aiming to carry out the concrete teaching suggestions of "he" group coordinating conjunctions.Based on nearly 170,000 words of HSK dynamic composition corpus of BCC and the previous investigations,126 "he" group coordinating conjunctions sentences with errors were collected and divided into 5 types as confusion using of conjunction,conjunction missing,misplacement of conjunction,redundant using of conjunction and incorrect using of coordinate items.It shows that the order of usage frequency is:he>yu>gen>tong.And the order of 5 errors types is:confusion using of conjunction>incorrect using of coordinate items>redundant using of conjunction>conjunction missing>misplacement of conjunction.Based on the error analysis theory,this dissertation discusses the acquisition and teaching of "he" group coordinating conjunctions according to the factor of mother tongue interference.For foreign students from Europe and America countries,"he" group coordinating conjunctions are difficult to grasp and easy to make errors due to the nonequivalent and differences between Chinese and English grammatical system.Besides,the mother tongue has different influences on the 5 error types of "he" group coordinating conjunctions due to the negative transfer.According to the error conditions and error causes of "he" group coordinating conjunctions acquisition of foreign students from European and American countries,three teaching points are put forward:1)master the grammatical rules and know the errors clearly.2)understand the characteristics of function words and establish a reasonable teaching sequence.3)set up systematic teaching concept and use appropriate teaching methods.Taken Boya Chinese textbooks as an example,based on task-based language learning and teaching,according to the characteristics of Chinese function words,combined with function word teaching methods,in consideration of different stages and levels of international students.The main points are as follows:1)In the basic stage,focus on the contrastive analysis between Chinese and English grammatical systems,strengthen practice both inside and outside the class,explain and guide in obvious ways by showing pictures or creating situations.2)In the intermediate stage,distinguish the difference of "he" group coordinating conjunctions on conjunction and preposition sides,consider the subtle differences inside from semantics,syntax and pragmatics,and strengthen the application.3)In the advanced stage,develop the ability of Chinese logical thinking and reading comprehension to express a sentence,an experience,a view and so on in different ways through expansion of language points and contrastive analysis of linguistic phenomena,and improve their reading comprehension and writing ability by constituent structure analysis and contrastive analysis of complex sentences with the concordance of several "he" group coordinating conjunctions or other connectives.