Sticking To The Dilemma:a Study Of The Private Guanghua University In Shanghai During The Anti Japanese War

This paper takes the general situation of running a school and the life of teachers and students of the private Guanghua University in wartime as the research object,trying to reveal the persistence of Guanghua University and teachers and students in the Anti Japanese War,so as to show the diversity of running a school when they went to war.It also shows the alternative ways of Anti Japanese War besides military in the remaining area in wartime,and explains the reason why the private Guanghua University in Shanghai can persist in the victory of the Anti Japanese War and successfully return to school.Under the increasingly severe circumstances of the Anti Japanese War,Guanghua University chose to move part of Chengdu and part of Shanghai.Guanghua University made such a choice mainly because of the following considerations:Guanghua University,as a private school,has insufficient funds for running the school and is unable to raise relocation costs;Guanghua university has no close contact with key members of the Kuomintang and the national government,and is unable to obtain large amount of funds from the Ministry of education At the same time,Zhang Shouyong,President of Guanghua University,is based in Shanghai.In a comprehensive way,Guanghua then decided to move in part and stay in part.During the "isolated island" period,Guanghua Shanghai school's funding sources include school fees,subsidies from the Ministry of education,bank loans,social donations,and income from selling Daxi road school buildings.Although there are many sources of funding,the amount can't make ends meet.After several relocations,the school buildings of Guanghua Shanghai University basically stabilized in 1938,and persisted in the Securities Building until the end of the Anti Japanese war.In order to solve the problem of teachers' livelihood,Shanghai school has set up a night school for business majors and a department of history reform.In order to show the loyalty to the national government,Shanghai school,according to the regulations of the Ministry of education of the national government,has implemented the tutor system and reformed the school administrative system.Due to the lack of personnel,most of them are mere formality,but after all,they have shown their obedience and loyalty to the orders of the national government.After the fall of Shanghai,Guanghua Shanghai school continued to operate in the form of a school association.Due to the special period,the curriculum was also on and off,and it was not harassed by the Japanese and puppet sides.Under Mr.Jiang Weiqiao's circular,the school refused to register with the Japanese and puppet,which not only kept the national character of the school,but also made the school stick to the victory of the Anti Japanese war.Guanghua Chengdu branch is the internal relocation patrt of Guanghua University.The leaders of Guanghua university include both old Guanghua people and local people of Sichuan Province;the funds for running the school are also donated by the government of Sichuan Province and gentry;the biggest dilemma for running the school is the Japanese bombing,which is different from Guanghua Shanghai University.Left behind schools and inward moving schools belong to two different types of schools in wartime,one is in the rear,the other is in the war zone;both types of schools are cultural resistance to Japanese aggression,one is "face the enemy directly",the other is "curve resistance".Guanghua university has both of them,and the persistence of Guanghua Shanghai University in Shanghai reflects the national spirit of the University.