Research On The Phenomenon Of The Nominal Kinship Of Groups In Five Dynasties And Ten States

Nominal Kinship refers to the Nominal Kinship relationship formed by the two parties due to adoption or confession.The number of Nominal Kinship phenomena during the Five Dynasties and Ten States was so great that it was unprecedented in the past dynasties.The prevalence of Nominal Kinship has had an important impact on the politics,society and ideas of the Five Dynasties and Ten States.Based on the definition of the concept of Nominal Kinship and the tracing of the phenomenon of Nominal Kinship before the Five Dynasties and Ten States,this paper summarizes the types of Nominal Kinship,the ways of forming ties,and the characteristics of the phenomenon of Nominal Kinship in the Five Dynasties and Ten States,and analyzes the causes and impacts and evaluates it.According to historical records,the phenomenon of Nominal Kinship had already occurred in the Spring and Autumn Period,and it is still relatively small in the Qin and Han Dynasties.During the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the phenomenon of Nominal Kinship gradually increased,and the relationship of Nominal Kinship also began to be rich.By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten States,a social atmosphere had formed and reached the peak of the ancient phenomenon of Nominal Kinship.The phenomenon of Nominal Kinship in the Five Dynasties and Ten States involved a large number of people and had a great influence.This phenomenon was not only affected by the social atmosphere of the previous generation,but also further developed due to the special historical environment during the Five Dynasties and Ten States.The phenomenon of Nominal Kinship is widespread during the Five Dynasties and Ten States.The relationship of Nominal Kinship involved includes almost all relatives such as fathers and sons,brothers,uncles and nephews,nephews and uncles,etc.the objects of righteousness range from emperors,queens,civils and military officials to civilians,actors,slaves,etc.There is a blood relationship.There are three ways to form a Nominal Kinship relationship: written sworn,action sworn,and oral sworn.Moreover,the phenomenon of Nominal Kinship has the characteristics of "wide range,many types,and large coverage","nominal fathers and sons are the mainstream","most of the sworn person are martial arts",and "the relationship of the sworn person is fragility".The phenomenon of Nominal Kinship in the Five Dynasties and Ten States was produced under the combined effect of many factors.The influence of the customs of ethnic minorities on the people of the times;the eunuchs and military sworn ethos of the late Tang Dynasty became popular,which had a great impact on the prevalence of the Nominal Kinship between the Five Dynasties and Ten States;the development of the Nominal Kinship phenomenon provided convenience;and the driving force of interest was the root cause of the Nominal Kinship phenomenon during the Five Dynasties and Ten States.Nominal Kinship is a "distorted" social phenomenon in the special historical environment of the Five Dynasties and Ten States.It has played a positive role in cracking down on the aristocratic family and maintaining social stability and development;negative effects such as stability,political chaos,disorder in human relations,and indifference to loyalty and honesty.In the Five Dynasties and Ten States,the phenomenon of Nominal Kinship generally has more harm than good.