The Nature Of Marx's Moral View And Its Transcendence Over The Traditional Theory Of Virtue

With the gradual enrichment of the utilitarian,mixed moral and moral nature of Marx's ethical interpretation and criticism,the moral nature of Marx's moral view has been gradually concerned,which has brought new possibilities to Marx's moral view path.Much of Marx's thinking was influenced by Aristotle.His moral concept inherited the spiritual core of traditional morality theory—the idea of "human essence";However,Marx's moral concept is not confined to the perspective of Aristotle's traditional moral theory.Marx lived in a different time from Aristotle,So Marx could stand on Aristotle's shoulder,get rid of the limitations of Aristotle's thought,and then realize the double transcendence of Aristotle.The main composition of this article is divided into four parts:In the first part,first of all,at the level of ideological history,we explore the ancient Greek virtue theory tradition of Marx's thought.There are many representatives of the ancient Greek theory of virtue.Through the exploration of Marx's educational background,cultural heritage and textual resources,the ideological connection between Marx and Aristotle was established;By contrasting Marx's moral concept with Aristotle's thought,we can explain their striking similarity in thought.Secondly,Marx's moral concept and its related texts are sorted out by stages and classification.The multi-dimensional classification of Marx's moral concept and its expression lays a foundation for the following analysis and interpretation of Marx's moral concept.This section briefly introduces how Adam Schaff,Derek P.H.Allen and E.Buchanan Allen attribute the nature of Marx's morality to utilitarianism.This section briefly introduces how the scholars,such as G.A.Cohen,Norman Geras and R.G.Peffer,attribute the nature of Marx's moral view to some degree of mixed moral theory.Moreover,we evaluate the nature of utilitarianism and the nature of mixed morality,reveal their irrationality,and try to find The most suitable explanation path to Marx's moral view is used to explain Marx's moral view.The third part,starting from the connection between Marx's moral view and Aristotle's morality theory,studies the common ground between the two in terms of human nature theory,moral conception,and historical conception.In the way of textcontrast,we compare the moral view in Marx's text with Aristotle's traditional moral theory,reveal the striking similarity between Marx and Aristotle's thought in contrast,and demonstrate that the nature of Marx's moral view is some kind of virtue.The fourth part analyzes and points out the imperfect parts of Aristotle's thoughts,and further explores how Marx achieved Aristotle's transcendence."Political animal ","natural concept "," eternal moral principle "," moral formalism" and so on all have the theory insufficiency because of the historical limitation.Marx replaced the concept of "human nature" from the traditional society with the modern capitalist society with the concepts of "man is a kind of existence","historical consciousness",and "free human union".And based on the position of the proletariat,it surpassed Aristotle's "political animal" with "man is a kind of existence" and "historical consciousness" over Aristotle's "natural consciousness".Marx not only criticized the moral view of capitalism,but also constructed his own moral theory in the sense of transcending Aristotle.