| The ancient seal refers to the official seal or personal seal before Qin Dynasty.The seal text is related to the current official system,local organizational system,surname culture,spiritual fashion and many other contents,which are very high historical value.During the Warring States period,there were many countries.Influenced by the region,various countries have their own characteristics in shape,button,character form and writing style,among which the character form and writing style are the easiest to distinguish.Therefore,the study of the division of the seal in Warring States period was paid more attention by the academic circles,but in the past,the focus of the study of the division of the ancient seal was mainly on the two aspects,which are the regional division and the interpretation of the characters.There was a lack of in-depth and systematic research on the historical information of the official,geography,surname,culture and so on.Therefore,it is necessary to classify and sort out the surnames and official posts based on the ancient seal materials.This paper takes the seal of the Chu family as the research object,on the basis of the classical records and works such as?the collection of the ancient seal?,?Examination of ancient seals?,?Division of the Warring States seal?,?A study on the division of seal and seal in Warring States Period?,?Seal of zhenqinzhai?and so on,collects and sorts out 684 pieces of the Chu seal,and classifies the official,geographical,surname and idiom information in the seal of the Chu.That is to say,138 official seals are divided into nine categories: administrative,military,financial,treasury,travel,official,judicial,diplomatic and other,among which the four categories are administrative,treasury,military and financial;59geographical seals are divided into seven categories: Fengjun Fengyi,Xian,Li,Zhou,Sui,Ting and,among which Chu Xian and Fengjun Fengyi are the most,which is the remarkable performance of the county system in the local system of Chu state during the Warring States Period.The seal of 334 Fang surnames can be divided into single surname and multiple surnames.The top five surnames used in the single family seal are Huang,Chen,Zhu,Deng and Zang.The surnames of the compound family seal are mostly the official surnames,such as ruo'ao and Deng tu.The 68 idiom seal can be divided into two categories: auspicious and proverbs.In the seal of auspicious language,more than 2/3 of them are praying for long life and health.In the seal of proverbs,the main contents are loyalty,faith and respect.On the basis of sorting out and interpreting the seal text,this paper also makes an extended study.That is to say,by summing up the characteristics and changes of the unique official name and the official system of Chu official seal,for example,by sorting out the military seal,it is found that the unique "xiao" type military official of Chu state sinks from the central to the local,and the scope of authority is complex and vague;by analyzing the regional organizations such as "wu","Yi","Zhou","Li","ting","Sui",it can be concluded that in the Warring States period,Chu state should have another set of local administrative system besides the counties and the fiefs.In addition,according to the frequency of people's names,we find that Chu people are more inclined to the names of things that exist in the society and nature and can often be contacted,and they are in a primary and simple stage.From the three aspects of self-cultivation,wealth status,longevity and health,we can also study the spiritual culture advocated by Chu people.However,there are still some Chu seal,although they are interpreted,but their specific meanings are controversial,and the number of Chu seals with different interpretations is even greater,which also increases the difficulty of our historical interpretation and research.Therefore,this kind of Chu seal is contained in the appendix in the following texty;surname,waiting for further interpretation and research in the future. |
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