| One of the most important functions of music activity is to express and induce emotions.The emotion expressed by music corresponds to the emotion recognized by the listener,and the emotion induced by music corresponds to the emotion experienced by the listener.Timbre,as one of the most important acoustic attributes of music,has a high impact on emotion perception and emotion experience.However,in the existing research,the psychological behavior and neural mechanism of Chinese musical instrument timbre are insufficient,lacking clear operational definition,systematic mechanism analysis and scientific comparative study.In order to further understand the mechanism of musical emotion processing influenced by timbre,this study used E-Prime and ERPs technology to carry out a pre experiment and two formal experiments,respectively,to compare the behavioral response or brain neural activity differences in music emotion perception and emotion experience when the two versions of bamboo flute and erhu timbre presented the same work.In the pre experiment,according to the existing research experience,firstly,two kinds of experimental music materials were screened and evaluated,which were consistent with happy and sad emotions;secondly,two kinds of emotional music materials were recorded and evaluated to effectively control unrelated variables,only the bamboo flute and erhu with different timbres;thirdly,two kinds of emotional face pictures were screened,which were consistent with happy and sad emotions according to Chinese Affective Picture System;finally,According to the evaluation results,104 pieces of emotional melody fragments and 104 pictures of emotional faces were selected to meet the requirements of the formal experiment.In Experiment 1,we used E-Prime and ERPs technology to explore the behavior and neural mechanism of the influence of timbre of bamboo flute and erhu on music emotion recognition through emotion priming paradigm.We mainly focused on the EEG time window that may induce N1 component,P2 component,N400 component and LPC component,and investigated whether timbre has influence on music emotion recognition.The timbre of bamboo flute and erhu is consistent in the target stimulus emotion Whether the components of EEG induced by the two conditions of music emotion recognition are consistent or not,and whether the accuracy and response time of the two conditions of timbre are higher or lower,which is faster or slower.In Experiment 2,we used E-Prime technology to explore the behavioral mechanism of the influence of timbre of bamboo flute and erhu on musical emotional experience through self-assessment scale(SAM),and focused on the influence of timbre on musical emotional experience,whether the emotional response of the listeners in musical emotional experience of bamboo flute and erhu timbre was consistent under the conditions of happy mood and sad mood,and whether their behaviors were consistent In the index,which is the higher of the mean values of emotional pleasure,arousal and dominance,and what is the difference between the three-dimensional correlation analysis.The results are as follows:First,the difference between the two timbre versions of bamboo flute and erhu on music emotion perception shows that they have stage difference in the cognitive processing of emotion in the brain.Bamboo flute timbre not only gets priority processing in the early stage of phonology coding,but also gets priority processing and more cognitive evaluation resources compared with erhu timbre in the late stage of decision-making under the condition of emotional consistency;while erhu timbre starts to get processing in the stage of meaning extraction,and then gets priority processing place compared with bamboo flute timbre in the later stage of decision-making under the condition of emotional inconsistency More cognitive assessment resources.Second,the difference between the two versions of bamboo flute and erhu in the impact of music emotional experience is that they have high and low differences in the degree of pleasure,arousal and dominance.Compared with erhu timbre,bamboo flute timbre is better at expressing happy music,which has the characteristics of high pleasure,high wake-up and low dominance.Listeners are easy to immerse in happy music performed by bamboo flute timbre and feel happy and excited.However,erhu has the characteristics of high dominance,and the subjects are easy to control the emotions induced by erhu timbre for their own use.Thirdly,there is a positive correlation between music emotion recognition and music emotion experience.The two timbre versions of bamboo flute and erhu can express and induce happy or sad mood accurately.The reason that they affect the recognition and experience of musical mood may be related to the bright timbre of bamboo flute and the relatively dim timbre of erhu.Fourth,the difference between the two emotional types of happiness and sadness in the impact of music emotional experience is that they have high and low differences in the degree of pleasure,arousal and dominance.The pleasure and arousal of happy music are significantly higher than sad music,but the dominance is significantly lower than sad music.When people listen to happy music,they are more likely to be happy and excited than sad music,and people are more likely to be immersed in happy music.Three experiments show that the two timbres of bamboo flute and erhu have different effects on music emotion perception and music emotion experience.This discovery will help to clarify the interaction,influence and potential neural mechanism between timbre and emotion,provide an important supplement for the psychological research of Chinese musical instrument timbre and the theoretical research of musical emotion neural mechanism,provide evidence of behavior and brain neural activity for the difference of musical emotion perception and experience processing,and also provide evidence for the subsequent comparison of different timbre music's influence on musical emotion This study provides theoretical support for music creators,music performers and music appreciators to choose music with different timbres that are most suitable for the current emotional needs according to different situations and moods,and promotes its value in the clinical practice of music emotion by selecting the timbre characteristics of music. |
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