The Influence Of Smoking Related Cues On Smokers' Evaluative And Desirous Implicit Attitudes

Promoting the implementation of tobacco control policies and reducing the smoking behaviors of smokers is an effective way to achieve the tobacco control goal of "Healthy China 2030".Implicit attitudes toward smoking are the associations between the concept of cigarettes and the concept of attributes,which are automatically activated by unconsciousness,and significantly affect the smoking behavior(consume,withdrawal and relapse).It is a moot point whether the implicit attitude is stability or variability.Some researchers believe that implicit attitudes are stable,while others believe that implicit attitudes are variable.The AssociationProposition Evaluation model supports the variability of implicit attitude.The model holds that the associative processing of implicit attitude is pattern activation and the connection of individual prememory is activated by external cues.However,the theory does not distinguish between the evaluative component of implicit attitude and the desirous component,and does not distinguish between the dynamic and static drug-related cues of external cues.Therefore,this study designed three sub-studies to explore the measurement and characteristics of smokers' evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking,to explore the influence of the cue of cigarette item on evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking,and to explore the influence of the cues of offerring a cigarette on evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking.This study is helpful to explain the connotation and internal mechanism of implicit attitude toward smoking,and finally enrich the t Association-Proposition Evaluation model,and provide new ideas for the formulation of tobacco control policies in China.Study 1 explores the difference between evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking.Study 1 took 33 smokers and 32 non-smokers as the subjects,and used the paradigms of BIAT to measure different components of implicit attitudes toward smoking.The results showed that:(1)smokers' implicit attitudes toward smoking are significantly higher than those of non-smokers;(2)whether smokers or non-smokers,the desirous implicit attitude toward smoking is significantly higher than the evaluative implicit attitude.Study 2 explores the effects of cigarette item cues on evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking.Study 2 took 33 smokers as subjects,used BIAT to measure the evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking under cigarette item cue and neutral cues.The results showed that:(1)under the two cues,desirous implicit attitude toward smoking was significantly higher than the evaluative implicit attitude;(2)there was no significant difference in smoking implicit attitude under the cigarette object cue and the neutral cue;(3)the interaction between implicit attitude type and cue type was not significant.Study 3 explores the effects of offerring a cigarette cue on evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking.Study took 32 smokers as subjects,and used BIAT to measure the evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking under the offerring a cigarette cue and the cigarette item cue.The results showed that:(1)under the two cues,desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking was significantly higher than the evaluative implicit attitude;(2)the interaction between cue type and implicit attitude type was significant,and smokers' desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking was more positive under cues of offerring a cigarette than under cues of cigarette items.The evaluative implicit attitudes under the two cues were both neutral with no significant difference.The main conclusions drawn from this study are as follows:(1)both on smokers and non-smokers,there was a difference between the evaluative and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking.(2)the activation of evaluative implicit attitudes and desirous implicit attitudes toward smoking of smokers was not affected by the cigarette item cue.(3)the activation of evaluative implicit attitudes towards smoking was not affected by cues of smoke transmission;The activation of desirous implicit attitude toward smoking was influenced by the cues of offerring a cigarette.