The Influence Of Eustress And Distress And Personality Traits On Hindsight Bias

Hindsight bias refers to the ability of an individual to tend to have a more accurate prediction than before the event,after knowing the outcome information of the event.That is,the individual thinks that it is easier to predict after the event occurs than before the occurrence.In life,often hear people say I have known this before"after knowing the result,This is the typical hindsight bias.Hindsight bias is universal and difficult to avoid.There are two potential negative effects in hindsight bias:one is the hindsight will affect the individual's perception of the ability to respond to the outcome of the event;the other is that hindsight bias limits the ability of individuals to learn from experience.Therefore,the influencing factors of the hindsight bias and how to reduce the hindsight bias have always been the focus of researchers.At present,in the study of the related influencing factors of hindsight bias,the researchers pay more attention to the presentation of information and the impact of the event itself on the hindsight bias,but the impact on the individual's environment and the characteristics of the individual itself is less studied.This study believes that the situation of the individual and the characteristics of the individual also have a significant impact on the hindsight bias.Therefore,this study uses the experimental method and the questionnaire method to explore the influence of eustress and distress and personality traits on hindsight bias,In order to enrich the research on the influencing factors of hindsight bias,and provide a basis for the selection of special occupations in the future.This paper explores the above issues based on three studies:The first study revise eustress and distress scale social stress psychological response scales to distinguish the positive and negative of stress psychological response induced by subsequent studies.The second study examined the influence of stress state and non-stress state on hindsight bias,and further explored the influence of eustress and distress on hindsight bias.On the basis of study 2,study 3 further examines whether hindsight bias under stress is affected by individual personality traits,and further discusses which personality traits play a major role and the predictive power of different personality traits.The specific research contents are as follows:In the first study,revise the Chinese version of the eustress and distress scale,with examinations as stressors and 220 college students as subjects.The items were screened by item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.The revised scale has good reliability and validity and can be used for subsequent research.The second study is the design between of the subjects.The standard Trier Social Stress Test(TSST)is used to induce the psychological stress of the subjects.The self-designed stress subjective feeling questionnaire is used to measure the effectiveness of the psychological stress of the subjects.The revised Chinese version of eustress and distress scale is used as the measuring tool to test the positive and negative characteristics of the psychological stress induced by the experiment.Combined with the hypothetical experimental design of the hindsight bias,the influence of the psychological stress on the hindsight bias is investigated.The third study was designed between subjects.The Big Five Personality Scale was used as a measuring tool for personality traits to study the relationship between eustress and distress,personality traits and hindsight bias.The summary of the above research is as follows(1)Compared with non-social psychological stress state,individuals have greater hindsight bias under social psychological stress state;Compared with the eustress state,individuals have greater hindsight bias in the distress state;(2)Under social psychological stress state,individuals with high neuroticism score will have greater hindsight bias,while individuals with high conscientious score will have smaller hindsight bias;(3)Under social psychological stress state,neuroticism,distress,sense of meaninglessness,uncontrolled feeling,anxiety,negative emotions,anger and hostility have significant positive predictive effects on hindsight bias,while conscientiousness,eustress,hopeful and meaningful have significant negative predictive effects on hindsight bias;(4)Under the condition ofdistress,individuals with high neuroticism score will have greater hindsight bias.