Research On The Orthodoxy Of Emperor Qianlong

For a long time,Emperor Qianlong was known and studied by the world as an emperor,but his achievements and contributions in historiography were often neglected.Emperor Qianlong had the good attainment of historiography,and his exposition of orthodoxy was a great achievement of all dynasties.From Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty,orthodoxy was valued by all dynasties.By Emperor Qianlong,there were about four different orthodoxy theories,which were from four perspectives: lineage,time,space and nationality.However,these existing orthodox ideas are often one-sided,lack of systematicness and inevitably biased.For example,the orthodoxy based on ethnic differences is an unavoidable problem for the rulers of the Qing Dynasty,which is not conducive to the establishment of the orthodoxy of the Qing Dynasty.So,it is urgent to reform,and the Emperor Qianlong is the modifier.He often participated in historiography activities in the form of imperial approval of historical books.His orthodox thoughts are reflected in the Tongjian Jilan and Pingjian Chanyao.Through the comment,Emperor Qianlong re-judged the historical figures,showing the characteristics of rigid and regular ethics as a standard in his orthodox thought.At the same time,Emperor Qianlong integrated and innovated the orthodoxy of his predecessors,and formed a set of orthodoxy to meet his own needs.Emperor Qianlong criticized the theory of the end of the Five Elements Circulation Theory and superstition and advocated that the monarch should rule the world by virtue.Emperor Qianlong also eliminated the national distinction by emphasizing the theory of unification and the legitimacy of regime,and abandoned the "national" factors unfavorable to the Qing Dynasty in the orthodoxy.At the same time,Emperor Qianlong emphasized the preservation of national characteristics,and re-compiled historical books to improve the status of minority regimes.After reinterpreting and adjudicating the orthodoxy in history,he made his orthodoxy the only standard to prove the orthodoxy of the Qing Dynasty and finally achieved the goal of consolidating the Qing regime.Based on the two books mentioned above,combined with official archives,poems and anthologies and many other historical materials,this paper systematically studies the orthodoxy put forward by Emperor Qianlong from the dual identity of historians and emperors under the background of sorting out and analyzing the development of orthodoxy before the Qing Dynasty.