| Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra,which is a great theory about the practice states of the Indian Yogācāra school of Mahāyāna Buddhism,appeared in ancient India at about 300 BC.The narrator is Maitreya according to legend,and the recorder Asa?ga.The Sanskrit version of this ?āstra was brought back from India by Xuan Zang,then he hosted the Chinese translation of the 100-volume Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra from 20 th to 22 nd year of Zhenguan Period in the Tang Dynasty(646-648).Xuan Zang’s translation becomes the only complete Chinese version of this ?āstra.This thesis takes all 520 transliterated words in Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra as research objects,including 178 onomatopes and 342 partial transliterations.This thesis will conduct research in the following five chapters:Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter includes an overview of the text of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra,a review of domestic and foreign literature,the introductions of the Chinese versions which includes Xuan Zang’s translation and others’ translations,the Sanskrit versions of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra.Finally,it comes the research objects,purposes,and methods.Chapter 2: Composition of Transliterated Words In this chapter,transliterated words are divided into three categories: fully translated onomatopes,partially translated onomatopes,and partial transliterations.In the first and second sections,we analyze the fully translated onomatopes and partially translated onomatopes by comparing phonetics between Sanskrit and Chinese as the starting point.Then we summarize the phonetic characteristics and laws of transliteration.The third section starts from the combination of onomatopoeic roots in the partial transliterations.This section divides the partial transliterations into two kinds: the fixed ones in which onomatopoeic roots cannot be used alone,and the separable ones in which onomatopoeic roots can be used alone or combined with Chinese characters.Classifying partial transliterations according to the onomatopoeic roots instead of Chinese characters can not only highlight the characteristics of transliterated words,but also show the relationships between onomatopes and the Chinese characters in the partial transliterations.Chapter 3: Different translations of Transliterated Words Caused by multiple translating methods of one transliterated word,the different translations can be transliterated or paraphrased.Different translations of words are divided into internal ones which are collected inside the texts of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra,and the external ones that are obtained from different Chinese versions of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra.In Section one,four types of internally translated words are analyzed.And in order to further explore the impact of human factors on different translated words,we counts the frequency of them in respective volumes of the eight translators of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra.The second section analyzes three groups of externally translated words,and summarizes the differences among the transliterated words in different Chinese versions of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra.The third section discusses the problems of Xuan Zang’s translation pointed out by Japanese scholar Ui Hakuju in his book Yuga ron kenkyū.Chapter 4: Theoretical Analysis of Xuan Zang This chapter mainly examines the theoretical origin of Xuan Zang’s "Wu Bufan" translation methods by comparing the transliteration theories before and after him.The second section attempts to use the "Wu Bufan" translation method to categorize transliterated words,so as to study the source of the five types of transliterated words and to enrich the research of word examples in the theory.Chapter 5: Revision of the Dictionaries This chapter will give the transliterations that are not collected or questionable in Fubao Ding’s The Great Dictionary of Buddhism.And the transliterations which are not collected in the Vocabulary Index of Yogācārabhūmi(a monograph dictionary of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra)are also listed.Conclusion This chapter mainly includes the research conclusions and research prospects.By analyzing the transliterated words in Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra exhaustively,we obtain the phonetic transliterating rules and the characteristics of their composition.And a comparative analysis of the differently translated transliterations in five Chinese versions of Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra is made.After summarizing the theory of Xuan Zang’s transliterated words,we supplement some transliterations for two dictionaries.Based on the above investigations,this thesis attempts to present a general picture of the transliterated words in Yogācārabhūmi-?āstra and enrich the research of Buddhist vocabulary. |
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