| Going through the development of ancient Greek philosophy and medieval Christian philosophy,Modern Epistemology deduced the new synthesis of exploring the relationship between subject and object,which contained the tendency to separate subject and object.After Descartes established the binary opposition between subject and object as ontological standpoint in his Classical Dualism,the later philosophers devoted themselves to dispelling subject-object dichotomy.Every philosopher sought solutions in rational mind.On the basis of Phenomenological Philosophy,Merleau-Ponty takes a sensual way to stands out from the western philosophy in which the rational tradition dominated ever.Starting from sensual body,his phenomenology of perception,signs theory and world flesh theory have promoted the status of sensibility,which has been suppressed for a long time.The ambiguity in his theory dissolves the traditional subject-object dichotomy to some extent.This paper argues that there are three stages about the dissolution of the subject-object dichotomy by Merleau-Ponty:the early perception theory,the middle sign theory and the late world flesh theory.Through the analysis of the three periods of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical theories on dispelling of subject-object dichotomy,this paper makes the following brief summary.In the course of his early philosophical exploration,the dialectic of his ambiguity theory can be expressed as "neither this nor that",that is,it doesn’t mean pick one between two options.He thinks the signification of existence arises from ambiguity.In Merleau-Ponty’s view,just because existence itself is ambiguous,our body and the world cannot be pure mind or pure substance.Therefore,we can get out of the barrier of subject-object dichotomy.As the ambiguous domain,he thinks,the proper body is our medium to communicate with the world.As In-der-Welt Sein,body-subject communicates with the world through body schema.In his early thoughts,Merleau-Ponty reveals the prior perceptual field from the perceptual experience of embodied phenomena.His revelation of the proper body mediated by perception isthe dissolution of pure consciousness to some extent.However,on the basis of clarifying Merleau-Ponty’s early thinking on the subject-object dichotomy,we can find the remnants of the subject-object dichotomy in his philosophy.Merleau-Ponty explores linguistics in his philosophical thinking in the middle period under the guidance of linguistic concept precipitation in speech phenomenon.Deeply inspired by Saussure linguistics,he transfers the proper body to the metaphorical body with linguistic nature,and transfers the perception field to the sign field.He tries to dispel the subject-object dichotomy in the sign field by the language as a whole under the operation of the principle of differentiation.However,the metaphorical body evolved by the body-subject doesn’t overcome body’s subjectivity.Therefore,body’s subjectivity from his early philosophical thinking is still difficult to eliminate.Merleau-ponty,in his later period,establishes the world flesh theory as ontology in the book of The Vision and the Invisible.The world flesh theory carries out ambiguity to the end.As the element of existence,the flesh eliminates the difference between body and object.As the operating mechanism of the world,the chiasmi and reversibility of world flesh explaines the signification expression of the world and the essential relationship between human and the world,which dispels the ontological standpoint of subject-object dichotomy in Descartes’ sense. |
