A Study Of Bernard Williams' Internal Reasoning Theory

Since the ancient Greek period,the reason for action has become one of the most important issues in ethics.In the history of philosophy,the theoretical idea of incorporating psychological factors into its scope of investigation has continued,but this idea has been affected by the twentieth century.Physicalism lashed out until Davidson reinvigorated it.As one of the most important figures in contemporary ethics,Bernard Williams made the first distinction between internal and external reasons for action,and asserted that "all reasons for action are internal reasons." Williams' s theory of intrinsic reasoning is based on the demonstration of the necessary conditions for the reason for action: the reason for action needs to be able to explain the actual action,and it needs to be understood through inner rational reasoning.And based on the Hume-style motivation model,it is further believed that "there is a complete path of deliberate thinking,which can start from an element in the subjective set of actors' motives and then link to the actual action." Williams' s opinions have aroused widespread controversy as soon as they were put forward,and this article provides a defense for intrinsic reasoning by responding to these controversies.