Research On Bernard Williams’s Theory Of Internal Reason

Bernard Williams is one of the most influential philosophers recognized by the world in the field of moral philosophy in the second half of the 20 th century.His research field covers a wide range,but the core is his research in the field of ethics.Some people call Williams “anti theoretical philosopher”,which is mainly because Williams’ view of internalism is far from that of Kant and other representatives of normative ethics,but there is no doubt that Williams’ view of internalism has caused no small impact on normative ethics.The dispute between internalism and externalism has a long history.Up to now,more and more detailed pairs have been derived from the opposition between internalism and externalism.The pair of internal reason and external reason is one of them.The concept of internal reason was not originally created by Bernard Williams.There were many similar expressions before Williams systematically put forward the theory of internal reason,but the internal reason was finally gathered here by Williams.On the basis of analyzing Williams’ internal reason theory,this article attempts to defend him against some disputes with externalism theory.Therefore,this article is mainly divided into four parts: The first part mainly sorts out the theoretical basis of Williams’ internal reason theory;The second part mainly presents the logical development of Williams’ internal reason theory,mainly relying on his article“Internal Reason and External Reason”;The third part mainly analyzes the difficulties faced by Williams’ internal reason theory,and ultimately focuses on the exploration of whether Williams’ internal reason theory has normativeness based on defending it;The fourth part further analyzes the significance of Williams’ internal reason theory on the basis of the third part,and also elaborates on its shortcomings,stating that the handling of normative issues is still one of the urgent issues that Williams’ internal reason theory needs to be resolved in its future development.Overall,the first half of the article mainly provides an explanatory explanation of Williams’ internal reason theory,providing a rough outline of the internal reason theory.The second half explains the current challenges faced by the internal reason theory and the areas that need to be improved in the future.