A Study On Production And Circulation Of Proto-porcelain In Xia And Shang Dynasties

This paper takes the unearthed Proto-porcelain in Xia and Shang Dynasties of China as the research object,and explores the development of the proto-porcelain in Xia and Shang Dynasties from the perspectives of production and circulation.According to the three aspects which are production volume,kiln technology and product Distinguishing with Pottery,the production areas are defined.We take the kiln site of Nanshan I District,Jiaoshan kiln site and Wucheng site as the main discussion object,using the stratigraphy and typology as the main methods,and comb the production areas from two aspects,one is product characteristics and stage-division,one is production process and kiln technology.First of all,the production can be divided into professional proto-porcelain production area and additional "advanced product" production area: Nanshan I kiln is a professional original porcelain production area,the kiln site is divided into five phases,from the time between Xia and Shang Dynasty to the last of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty,the products are mainly beans,pots and bowls;Wucheng site and Jiaoshan kiln site are additional product production areas,Wucheng site can be divided into three phases,from the second phase of the early Shang Dynasty to the late Shang Dynasty,and the kinds of utensils are rich,having urn,pot,basin,etc.;the proto-porcelain of Jiaoshan kiln site was unearthed in the second phase of Jiaoshan,from the first phase to the second phase of the early Shang Dynasty,there is mainly tripod plate.Secondly,through comparison,each production area shows similar characteristics: first,the progress of bodies material processing technology;the second is the coexistence of the advantages and disadvantages of the glaze layer due to the lack of kiln technology and coating technology;the third is that the proto-porcelain products in each area are mainly containers,showing the practicality and beauty.In terms of circulation,this paper divides the sites of the proto-porcelain unearthed in the Xia and Shang Dynasties into North and south areas according to theirgeographical location.The cultural of the north area is relatively uniform.According to the age,they can be divided into three periods: the Xia Dynasty,the early Shang Dynasty and the late Shang Dynasty.In the Xia Dynasty,proto-porcelain gui was unearthed.In the early Shang Dynasty,there are mainly zun.In the late Shang Dynasty,there were more kinds of wares,such as beans,pots and jars.According to the cultural and geographical location,the southern region can be divided into Taihu Lake region,Dongtiaoxi region,Ningzhen region,southern Zhejiang and Northern Fujian region,Ganpo region and Jianghan plain region,many of which may have the proto-porcelain production conditions.Through the comparison of artifacts,this paper thinks that the northern proto-porcelain probably originated from the south,and discusses the circulation route of the northern proto-porcelain from the three periods which are Xia Dynasty,early Shang Dynasty and late Shang Dynasty.In Xia dynasty,proto-porcelain may be from the southern Zhejiang and Northern Fujian to Erlitou;In the early Shang Dynasty,proto-porcelain took panlongcheng as the transit,from Jiangxi and Fujian to Zhengzhou;In late Shang Dynasty,it took qianzhangda as the transit,from the Dongtiaoxi area go through the north of Jianghuai plain to Anyang.