The Study Of The Three Syllable Words In Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th Edition)

This thesis studies the three-syllable words of Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition)(hereinafter referred to as "modern Chinese"(7th edition)),and conducts a comprehensive analysis and statistic of the 6281 three-syllable words contained in the dictionary.Through a comprehensive analysis of three-syllable words,we can have a comprehensive understanding of the formation process and structural relationship of three-syllable words.The "modern Chinese"(7th edition)contains a total of 6281 three-syllable words,excluding the lettered-words attached to the dictionary.Three-syllable words are mainly composed of three morphemes,with a total of 5672,accounting for 90.3% of the total number of three-syllable words,two morphemes are composed of 488,accounting for 7.77% of the total number of three-syllable words,and one morpheme is composed of 121,accounting for 1.93% of the total number of three-syllable words.Among the grammatical property of three-syllable words,they are mainly nouns,with a total of 4,931,accounting for 78.52% of the total number of three-syllable words,followed by adjectives and verbs,and a small number of other word classes,also contains 681 word classes is not marked,accounting for 10.84% of the total number of three-syllable words.Three-syllable words can be divided into simple words and compound words according to the number of morphemes.There are 117 simple words,which account for 1.86% of the total number of three-syllable words.Compound words are mainly complex words,of which the attribute-head construction is the main,accounting for about 70.55% of the total.Followed by the predicate-object construction,which accounts for about 9.65% of the total number of three-syllable words,also include the adverbial-head construction,the verb-complement construction,the subject-predicate construction and the coordinate construction.The affixation constructions in the compound words can be divided into pre-addition and post-addition.There are 486 affixation,accounting for 7.74% of the total number of three-syllable words.There are 370 post-addition,accounting for5.89% of the total number of three-syllable words,and include 116pre-addition,accounting for1.85% of the total number of three-syllable words.The sources of three-syllable words are rich,including dialects,foreign words,spoken words,new words and written words?The methods of generating three-syllable words include phonological word formation,rhetoric word formation,shortened word formation and affixation word formation.The phonological word formation includes onomatopoeia and transliteration.The number of three-syllable words produced by phonetic word formation is relatively small,and most of them are transliteration forms of foreign words.Rhetoric word formation includes four methods: metaphor,metonymy,hyperbole and imitation word formation.The metaphorical word formation including omni-metaphorical,pre-metaphorical and post-metaphoric.The hyperbole word formation including extended hyperbole and reduced hyperbole.The imitation word formation including the pre-imitation,in-imitation and post-imitation.The structure of the three-syllable words is layered internally and consists of the innermost and outermost layers.When investigating the semantic struct ure of three-syllable words,the semantics among the outermost components is the main factor.The three-syllable words are mainly based on modifier-head construction.According to the parts of speech,the modifier-head construction o f three-syllable words are classified into N + X,V + X,and A + X types.T he adverbial-head construction including three types of Adj + V,Adv + V,an d N + V / Adj.The predicate-object construction,verb-complement construction,subject-predicate construction and coordinate construction are classified accordin g to the semantic relationship between the constituents.In the semantic relatio nship of the three-syllable word structure,the modifier-head construction is do minant.The syllables of the three-syllable words in the modifier-head construction are equipped with 1 + 2 and 2 + 1,according to the different groups of single and double syllables combination.Different syllables are selected in different parts of speech as modifiers.Nouns and verbs tend to choose 2 + 1 syllables when they are modifiers.The number of 1 + 2 is less than that of 2 + 1.When acting as a modifier,tend tochoose 1 + 2,2 + 1 is less than 1 + 2.When nouns and verbs are attributive,2 + 1 is an unmarked combination,and 1 + 2 is a marked combination;while adjectives are attributive,1 + 2 is an unmarked combination,and 2 + 1 is a marked combination.The phenomenon of "markedness reversal" in syllable combination is found in different word classes that act as modifier in the modifier-head structure.The rationale behind this is to establish an interactive“Correlated Markedness” between the three categories of "syntactic-semantic-phonological" in the modifier-head construction based on the "elastic iconicity".The asymmetry between syllable combination and word classes is due to the influence of the principle of "elastic iconicity" among the three categories.The main role of the semantic elastic between modifiers and the central word.Modifier reflect the essential attributes of the central word,and close to the central word,their relationship are closer.On the contrary,the semantic connection between modifier and the central word is not close and the construction is loose.