A Contrastive Analysis Of The Phonetics And Character Of The Primary School Chinese Textbook In The Period Of The Republic Of China And The Primary School Chinese Textbook Compiled By The Ministry Of Education Directly

In this paper,four sets of primary school Chinese Textbooks in the middle and late period of the Republic of China(Guoyu reader,Elementary Guoyu reader,Fuxing Guoyu textbook,new life textbook-Guoyu)and compulsory education Chinese textbook(primary school)(abbreviated to the Ministry of Education)are compared and analyzed,the quantitative research method is used to make quantitative processing and data statistics for the textbook.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the two textbooks are compared in the form of charts,and scientific suggestions are provided for the compilation of the textbooks.The paper is divided into four chapters.The first chapter,introduction,explains the research status,research value,research ideas and methods of this topic.The second chapter,the comparison and analysis of phonetics,focuses on solving the three controversial problems of "when to learn pinyin","how to learn pinyin","first to read or first to pinyin".Through comparison,it is found that t The teaching materials compiled by the Ministry of education started the teaching of Pinyin in the first semester of the first academic year,which started earlier;While during the period of the Republic of China,the primary school Chinese textbooks began to learn the phonetic alphabet in the third and fourth school year,which started later.The primary school Chinese textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education and the primary school Chinese Textbooks in the period of the Republic of China all require that the teaching level of Pinyin reach "four abilities",namely,being able to recognize,read,spell and look up dictionaries.The primary school Chinese textbook compiled by the Ministry of education is "first understand the characters and then learn pinyin";the primary school Chinese textbook in the period of the Republic of China is "synchronization of the characters and pinyin".By analyzing the curriculum standards of each period and the previous research results of pedagogy and psychology,this paper concludes that the best learning stage of Pinyin teaching is the first learning stage;the degree of Pinyin teaching requires "four abilities";Pinyin teaching should be carried out before knowing a large number of Chinese characters.The third chapter,the comparison and analysis of Recognizing character,through a large number of data statistics,compares the primary school Chinese Textbooks in the period of the Republic of China with the primary school Chinese textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education in the two aspects of character selection and new character recurrent,and also finds some unreasonable situations in the textbooks compiled by the Ministry of Education.In terms of character selection,the total number of character in the textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education is too large,there are 91507 character in all eight volumes,and the number of character species exceeds the number of new character seriously.The number of new character in the first semester is 300,which is reasonable,but the number of character species is 710,and the number of character species in the first semester alone is 410 more than the number of new character,This means that students are faced with a large number of over character just after entering the primary school,words beyond accounted for 58% of the total number of words in eight volumes,which greatly increases the burden of students and violates the requirements of the zero starting point of quality education.During the period of the Republic of China,the number of characters in eight volumes of primary school Chinese textbooks was about 50000,only about 1 / 2 of the total number of characters in textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education.The types of character are basically the same as the new character.Every word that appears is learned as a new word.The number of overstep words about 5% of the total number of words in eight volumes.In terms of the relationship between character species and new characters,the textbooks of the Republic of China are worth learning.In terms of the arrangement of new characters,the textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education are better than the textbooks during the period of the Republic of China.the learning of new characters in the textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education is basically concentrated in the first learning stage,with priority given to learning common characters.During the period of the Republic of China,the new characters in textbooks were concentrated in the second learning stage.The textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education conform to the law of children's Chinese acquisition.In terms of the recurrence of new characters,there are some problems in textbooks compiled by the Ministry of education.Among the eight volumes,20% of the new characters have never been repeted,and 35% of them are commonly used characters.In the sampling statistics,it is found that some new characters do not conform to the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve,and do not conform to the memory rule.In the single volume,78% of the commonly used characters are not repeted.In the inter volume repetition,71% of the new characters are not repeted in the next volume,resulting in the chasm.All these problems need attention.The fourth chapter is the conclusion,which puts forward suggestions for the above problems.In the compilation of the textbook,we can continue to keep the practice of learning Pinyin in the first semester,only requiring "four abilities" and "learning Chinese characters first and then learning pinyin";reduce the total number of characters in the textbook,try to make the character species consistent with the new characters,so as to reduce the burden on students;avoid the situation that the new characters never appear again,especially the common characters;When arranging the reproduction of new words,we should take the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve into account to make the reproduction law conform to the memory law of human beings;in single volume reproduction,we should pay special attention to the reproduction of common characters;in addition,we should pay attention to the repetition of new characters in the next volume to avoid chasm.