A Study On The Last Words Of Scholar-Officials Of Luoyang Area In The Tang Dynasty

Scholar-officials in the Tang dynasty refer to the males who were educated and aspired to be bureaucracies.Luoyang scholar-officials'last words are the last words of the scholar-officials who were buried in Luoyang.These last words involve many aspects.The last words of burying in family graveyard in Luoyang(Guizang??),moving the graveyard to Luoyang(Gaizang??),plain burial and scholar-officials'values are common among them.The last words of Guizang and Gaizang show that the scholar-officials preferred to be buried at Luoyang and establish a new family graveyard after their family migration due to their affection for the city,Luoyang,with long history and livable conditions.And then the scholar-officials honored filial piety and clannism had a strong sense of belonging to Luoyang,where their family graveyards located,and insisted on being buried in family graveyards in Luoyang.Scholar-officials'recognition of Luoyang stemmed from the promotion of the auxiliary capital's abundant resources to the centralization of the scholar family and the bureaucratization of identity.According to the contents of the last words of plain burial,plain burial was mainly manifested in the non-passing ritual of shrouds,coffins,burial objects and funerals in Luoyang scholar-officials'view,amid the social recognition of luxury burial in the Tang dynasty.Scholar-officials chose plain burial in their last words might derive from personal concepts,the frequent grave robberies or economic factors.In order to solve the problem of the huge expenditure on Guizang,Luoyang scholar-officials on official travels tended to choose plain burial before they die.The last words of Luoyang scholarofficials'values include self-evaluation,exhorting younger generation and epitaphs arrangements.In this kind of last words,scholar-officials retained their personality while catering to the trend of bureaucratization both in this world and the underworld,striking a balance between general social values and their own individuality.These three kinds of last words mentioned above reflect Luoyang scholar-officials'adaptation to the centralization and bureaucratization from their family to individual in the Tang Dynasty.At the same time,the distinctive last words of Luoyang scholar-officials are the embodiments of their experience and identity.The comparison of the last words of scholar-officials and those of their wives,Chushi(??)and warriors highlight the unique identity of scholar-officials.The author can understand the last words of Luoyang scholar-officials in the Tang Dynasty completely through these researches.