An Archaeological Study Of Pigsty And Toilet In Han Dynasty

There are various types of funerals in the Han tomb,including daily necessities,weapons,carts,horses,models,etc.The models,such as warehouses,stoves,wells,pottery Pigsty and toilet model,appearing in the Han tomb are a combination of utensils with strong special characteristics in the Han tomb.Among them,the pottery pigsty and toilet models were not found in the tombs before the Han Dynasty.In the Western Han Dynasty,the models began to sprout,and the shape and types of the pigsty and toilet model gradually became consistent in the Eastern Han Dynasty.By systematically sorting out the archaeological findings of the unearthed pottery pigsty and toilet models that have been published so far,you can basically grasp the approximate areas of such models unearthed.They are mainly located in Henan,Shandong,Jiangsu,Anhui,Shanxi,Sichuan,and Hubei,those of which are current administrative districts.As the center of political and economic development in the Eastern Han Dynasty,Henan area not only has a large number of Han tombs excavated by archaeologists,but also has a large number of unearthed pottery pigsty and toilet models and a complete range of types.The time span of the pottery pigsty and toilet model unearthed in Henan is from the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the late of the Eastern Han Dynasty.And the regions are the whole territory of Henan.According to the characteristics of the evolution of the toilet models unearthedin the Han tombs in Henan,they can be divided into six periods: the middle and late Western Han Dynasty,the late Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty,the early and middle Eastern Han Dynasty,the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty,and the late Eastern Han Dynasty.There are six sub-regions in East Henan,West Henan,South Henan,North Henan,Southwest Henan,and Central Henan.The pigsty and toilet are the less used names in the archaeological reports.The pigsty and toilet in the title,and refers to the Funerary objects and archaeological sites.The Pottery pigsty and toilet model in the thesis refer to the three types of pigsty model,pigsty and toilet,toilet model in the archaeological reports.Pottery pigsty and toilet models in this article refer to the type of unity of pigsty and toilets in the archaeological reports.Pottery pigsty and toilet models are not only an iconic artifact in Han tombs in Henan,but also a typical artifact in tombs throughout the country during the Han Dynasty.The thesis is based on the archaeological excavation reports and briefings that have been mastered,and combined with the literature,systematically sorted out the pottery pigsty and toilet unearthed in the Han tombs in Henan area,with a total of more than 370 pieces.Pottery pigsty and toilet models unearthed in the Han tombs in Henan are simply divided into three categories:separate pigsties,pigsty and toilets,and separate toilets.They have the following characteristics in terms of time and space distribution: in terms of time,simpler pottery pigsty and toilet models were found in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,which were developed into a pottery pigsty and toilet models with a unique shape and a complicated manufacturing process in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Up to the late Eastern Han Dynasty,the manufacturing process of the pottery pigsty and toilet model had been changed from complication to simplicity while the Pottery pigsty and toilet models has gone from simplicity to complication and then to simplicity.In terms of space,It is speculated that the pottery pigsty and toilet models may first rise in the west and southwest of Henan,then were spread to the north and middle of Henan,and finally to the entire Henan.According to the changes in the combination of the funerary utensils in the Han tomb and the pottery pigsty and toilet model,combined with the evolution of the shape and structure of the Han tomb,the author analyzes the Han tombs with toilet spaces in several tombs and several sites where the toilet remains are found,and indicates that the placement of the pottery pigsty and toilet model and other utensil combination in the Han tomb have a certain connection with the location of the toilet in the tomb and the ruins.Pottery pigsty and toilet models unearthed in the tombs are basically located in the side room,ear room or coffin or in the corner of the coffin,and the toilet space in the tomb and the toilet sites found in the ruins are basically behind the living room.The investigation of the pottery pigsty and toilet model unearthed in the Han tomb is of great significance to the understanding of the funeral customs,aquaculture,fertilizer and fertilization and hygiene habits of the Han Dynasty.