How Is Evolutionary Politics Possible

Since the 20 th century,the development of biology broke the person's own "cognitive black box",allowing people to study the reason of anatomy and evolutionary reason behind human behavior.The former reason explains how specific human behavior occurs while the latter reason explains why we have such behavior.At the same time,the biological mode of thinking represented by the theory of evolution has caused a great impact on our scientific view,world view and philosophy view that are based on traditional physics.In this way,we have a new perspective to understand the world and ourselves.Western philosophy has been attached to natural sciences as its cultural matrix since modern time.However,it does not catch up with the change from the mechanistic paradigm to the evolutionary paradigm of Darwin.In my opinion,philosophy is confronted with the crisis of value diversification and value nihilization after the differentiation of modern philosophy,so we urgently need some universal value standard.It may be necessary to turn to the field of life sciences and take the evolutionary turning of philosophy in order to find a solution.In this paper,I'll specificly study the application of evolution in the field of political philosophy,that is,a naturalistic biology approach to study the problems of contemporary political philosophy,such as how to explain universalism or universalism with evolutionary theory.I call it the problem of "How Is Evolutionary Politics Possible".Specifically,I study the arguments of universalism and pluralism from an evolutionary perspective.The question of whether political truth has objectivity and universality is one of the core issues of contemporary political philosophy.On the one hand,evolution theory supports the universality of social norms,because human emotions and cognition share a common biological basis and both result from genes formed by long natural selection.On the other hand,evolutionary point of view against the universalism's presupposition of human nature.The results of the study ofbiology negate the view that human beings have a nature which is permanent and distinct with other creatures.What is called unique for man can be found in other animals in an elementary or low form.The utilitarian view of evolution can also support the view of "equality for all".Contemporary political philosophers made many moral presuppositions such as " everyone is equal".But they failed to explain the source of presupposition,resulting in the lack of legitimacy.The study of human evolution shows that human beings are a kind of social animal and the cooperative behaviors are far more than the conflicts and mistrust between them.Whether it's for reasons of solidarity and interdependence,or the need to increase the number of genotypes as much as possible in response to environmental diversity,there are reasons to maintain equality between people.In my opinion,we view contemporary political philosophy with genetic evolution and cultural evolution perspective,not being constrained by the dualistic distinctions in the descriptive and normative problems,is a kind of naturalism or materialism path.This perspective can bring us a new meaningful thought resources.It can at least defend a lot of traditional political theory with biological evidence,and in some places may even overturn the original concept.