Factors And Paths Analysis Of The Rise Of Right-Wing Populist Parties In Western Europe

Right-Wing Populist Parties emerged after the Second World War in Western Europe.For a long time,they had been on the edge of Western European party system.However,since the 1990s,the Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe have developed rapidly,especially in the 2015 refugee crisis.Some Right-Wing Populist Parties have made breakthroughs.Some Right-Wing Populist Parties influence government decisions.There are also many Right-Wing Populist Parties emerge among the governments or parliaments in many Western European countries.Compared with traditional mainstream parties holding intermediate positions,Right-Wing Populist Parties show exclusivism and anti-establishment.To understand the reasons for the rise of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe is not only important for understanding the trend of populism,but also important for judging the development direction of Western European politics.The core question discussed in this thesis is:What are the reasons for the rise and development of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe?Specifically,what is the definition of Right-Wing populist party?What factors have contributed to the development of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe?How do these factors affect the development of the Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe?This thesis follows the logic of "literature review-concept definition-research hypothesis-empirical research-case study-conclusion".Firstly,the author sorts out the existing theories that analyze the rise of the Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe and defines Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe.Secondly,the author summarizes the factors that influence the Right-Wing Populist Parties from the literature review,puts forward the hypothesis,uses the method of crisp-sets qualitative comparative analysis to carry out empirical analysis and obtains preliminary combinations of factors.Finally,the author selects typical cases for process tracking and draws conclusions.Through analysis,the conclusions of this thesis are as follows.The first rising path is represented by Freedom Party of Austria(the combination of factors is terrorist attacks*the electoral system is beneficial to small parties*the issue capability of the Right-Wing populist party is strong*the refugee crisis is intensifying,which can be used to explain four countries:Austria,France,Netherlands and Sweden).The Right-Wing populist party is a political party with strong issues.At the same time,the National Assembly's less restrictive electoral system for small parties also provides space for the development of the Right-Wing populist parties.Under the influence of the refugee crisis and terrorist attacks in the country,such political parties have gained more support.The second rising path is represented by Alternative for Germany(the combination of factors is the unemployment rate has not risena*terrorist attacka*the issue capability of the Right-Wing populist party is strong*the refugee crisis is intensifying,which can be used to explain Germany,Italy and Sweden).The Right-Wing populist party is a party with strong issue adjustment capability and organizational capability.Under the influence of refugee crisis and terrorist attacks,these parties grasp people's dissatisfaction with the mainstream political parties,consolidate the electorate base through the adjustment of many issues in development.The third rising path is represented by the Danish People's Party(the combination of factors is the unemploymet rate has not risen*terrorist attacks*the electoral system is beneficial to small parties*The refugee crisis is intensifying,which can be used to explain Denmark and Luxembourg).This path is simple:the National Assembly has fewer restrictions on small parties.Right-Wing Populist Parties have developed by opposing refugee issues.In addition,it is found that the change of unemployment rate has no direct relationship with the support rate of Right-Wing populist parties,which is also in line with the trend of academic circles from economic perspective to cultural interpretation.The aggravation of the refugee crisis is the direct driving force for the development of Right-Wing populist parties.This thesis analyzes the reasons of the rise of the Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe through crisp-sets qualitative comparative analysis methods,proposes three combinations of factors and selects typical cases for in-depth analysis by process tracking.The follow-up study is supposed to pay more attention to special cases,try to add more effective variables and propose a more explanatory mechanism of causality.