Comparative Study Of Marx's Public Thought And Arendt's Public Realm Theory

With the development of market economy,mankind has gradually entered an era of globalization with mutual influence and restriction,and the issue of publicity has become a hot research topic.Marx and Arendt are political philosophers who living in different ages,and their understanding and pursuit of public issues have distinct era marks and personal characteristics.Although Marx did not have a clear definition of the concept of " publicity",and his idea of publicity exists in the way of implication in historical materialism and permeates its entire theoretical system.Marx's public thought originates from the public spirit of ancient Greek city-States,the public ideal of utopian socialism,the public reflection of German classical philosophy.All his life's practical research runs through the important issue of " man"."Man" is the starting point and destination of Marx's value concern.At the same time,human can become human in the society.The publicity is developed in the interaction between human and society.so the interaction between man and society constitutes the appearance context of Marx's public thought.Society is the product of people's " interactive activities".The relationship between public interest and private interest has become a basic relationship in human society.Public interest is a significant concept and main content of Marx's public thought.Marx's public thought is based on the interaction between human beings and society in the actual social and historical circumstances,and finally points out that " freedom" is its important basis and value purpose,and is the prospect of guiding public nature and regulating the future.Its ultimate goal of public thought is social liberation and the realization of real individual freedom.The free association is the place where individuals can realize the essential requirements and attributes of human beings.In the free association,everyone's development is free and comprehensive.Only universal communication in the development of productive forces can truly realize the free and comprehensive development of human beings and to achieve the common ideal of mankind.Arendt is the earliest stakeholder and pioneering researcher in public domain issues,and his public domain theory is a prominent embodiment of his public ideology.And her public thought was mainly influenced by Aristotle,Heidegger and Jaspers.Aristotle views that " man is a natural political animal" and the life experience of ancient Greek city-states as well as thedistinction between three kinds of human activities provide a reference for Arendt's public sphere.In addition,she learned from Heidegger and Jaspers,two masters of existentialism philosophy,and she inherited Heidegger's criticism of traditional metaphysics and existentialism analysis methods.She also praised Jaspers' philosophy of communication as her hope of rebuilding the public domain.Arendt lived in a dark age in the 20 th century,and her Jewish and Thai identity and experience also directly influenced her judgment and understanding of current political events,thus making her public domain theory have the characteristics of the times and distinct personal characteristics.She divided people's active life into labor,work and action,thus establishing a three-part model of human activities:private,social and public.The situation of working people is life itself,which corresponds to the private sphere.The situation of the people corresponding to the work is worldwide,corresponding to the social field.Action is in the core position and corresponds to the public sphere.People show themselves in speech and action.Action is an important way to show people's true action and to construct human's public life.Arendt and Marx's public thoughts have analyzed and criticized the crisis of modern society,and have deeply reflected on the oppression of human beings caused by modern economic activities,both of which are aimed at paying attention to the living conditions of human beings.They have constructed their own philosophical theoretical systems from different social realities and philosophical standpoints,which examining Marx and Arendt from a public perspective has the same purpose and differences.Due to the different backgrounds of the times and their different positioning of themselves,the two people's total ideological interests are also different,and there are also huge differences in the way of thinking,Arendt's trichotomy adopts the method of formal logic,emphasizes concepts too harshly and regards politics as the root of human existence,which leads to her theory being a relatively simple political theory.Marx,who is well versed in dialectics,grasps the way of human existence as a whole and has a deeper understanding of public life and human beings,is a social and historical science.Their thoughts are the ultimate value end-result of the universal concern for human survival and development,and both emphasize the realization of human freedom.Marx's criticism of civil society and Arendt's analysis of economic public fields have analyzed human alienation to varying degrees,both of which have analyzed public issues in modern society from the perspective of alienation.Arendt's interpretation of Marx's concept of labor ignores the realistic basis and historical connotation of Marx's labor thought.Due to the different focus on labor,his critique of alienation in the modern world is also different.In spite of they are faced with a common western cultural tradition and have also criticized the modern civilization of capitalism,Arendt's criticism of western traditional philosophy only stays at the traditional critical level of his political thought,while Marx's thorough liquidation of the past philosophy is the end of the political philosophy tradition,proposing to return to the perceptual life of philosophical tradition contempt and establish a public life world that truly belongs to the free and all-round development of human beings.Return to the perceptual life of philosophical tradition contempt and establish a public life world that truly belongs to the free and all-round development of human beings.There are also differences in philosophical connotations between Arendt and Marx's concept of the world: Arendt's world is mainly developed from the perspective of political existentialism,while Marx's world is developed from practical materialism.In addition,Arendt's misreading of Marx's philosophical thought results in their different understanding of political philosophy:Marx's political philosophy originated from western philosophical tradition and transcended and subverted this tradition.Marx believes that the ideal goal of publicity is to eliminate politics.In order to realize the free and all-round development of human beings,Arendt takes " the path of political realization of philosophy",but he takes politics as the most valuable part of human life,only philosophically expounds politics,and takes " the path of philosophical realization of politics".In the end,Arendt believes that only through action can the essence of human beings be realized,and Marx believes that only through labor practice can he emancipated himself consciously and initiatively can he realize the all-round free liberation of human beings.Arendt's public domain is unique and groundbreaking,but it also has obvious theoretical defects.With the advancement of the globalization era,public-private tensions and global problems faced by people as citizens of the world urgently need the public domain.Arendt's proposal to solve conflicts of interest by means of verbal and face-to-face interaction can provide a reference for Marx to solve them by means of violence.His phenomenological method and perspective have broadened and deepened the vision of Marx's theory,so it is possible to develop and supplement Marxism.