Study On Spatial-temporal Evolution And Differentiation Mechanism Of "Hollowing" Level In Rural Areas In Mountain And Hilly Areas

With the acceleration of urbanization in China,the phenomenon of "hollowing" in rural areas,characterized by extensive use of land resources,massive loss of young and middle-aged rural labor force and insufficient economic development momentum,has emerged in vast rural areas.China's vast territory,complex and diverse natural environment,mountain and hilly areas are widely distributed,accounting for 73.45% of the total land area.Different physical and geographical environments have created differences in the development process,evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of rural "hollowing" in different regions of China.Because of the backward level of economic development in mountainous and hilly areas,the problem of "hollowing" in rural areas deserves further study.Under the background of the strategy of "rural revitalization" in the new era,it is of great significance to properly solve the problem of rura "hollowingt",especially in mountain and hilly Areas.In this paper,Yilong County,Sichuan Province,as a typical mountainous and hilly area,is taken as the research area,and the townships are taken as the evaluation object.By using the statistical data of Yilong County in 2009-2015 and the survey data of land use change,the evaluation index system of "hollowing" in rural areas is established.The weight of each index is calculated by using the method of entropy.On this basis,using descriptive statistical indicators,gravity center transfer model,standard deviation ellipse model and spatial autocorrelation analysis method,the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural "hollowing" level in Yilong County were analyzed.Four factors,distance from central town,road density,per capita cultivated land area and topographic position index,were selected to analyze their impact on rural "hollowing" level regional differentiation.By comparing the regression coefficients of each influencing factor in 2015,this paper divides the types of rural areas and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In terms of time dimension,the level of rural "hollowing" in Yilong County fluctuated from 2010 to 2015,and the average level of rural "hollowing" remained at a relatively stable level.The extreme deviation,standard deviation and coefficient of variation show a decreasing trend in general,which indicates that the gap of "hollowing" level in the villages and towns is shrinking.(2)In terms of spatial evolution,the horizontal spatial differentiation of land "hollowing" is obvious,and each grade has strong clustering characteristics.The spatial distribution of population "hollowing" and rural "hollowing" has strong coupling with the level of economic development and urbanization,and they are mainly in the middle and low levels.The level of "hollowing" in most villages and towns remained stable,and only a few villages and towns changed.The center of gravity of land "hollowing" is swinging back and forth in Lexing Township and Dingziqiao Township,and the center of gravity of population "hollowing" and rural "hollowing" is moving eastward.The standard deviation ellipse maintains a stable trend from northwest to southeast.The "hollowing" level of rural areas in Yilong County shows strong spatial autocorrelation,and spatial agglomeration shows a growing trend.H-H agglomeration areas,H-L agglomeration areas only appear in a few years,and the number of towns is relatively small.L-L Agglomeration Districts are dispersed,and L-H Agglomeration Districts are mainly located in the eastern edge of Yilong County.(3)In the mechanism of differentiation and the division of geographical types,the influence factors of regional differentiation have some differences in the degree and direction of action of different regions.The distance from the central town,the topographic position,the per capita cultivated land area and the level of rural "hollowing" are negatively correlated,while the road density and the level of rural "hollowing" are positively correlated.The distance from the central town has the greatest impact on the level of rural "hollowing".According to the GWR regression coefficients of influencing factors of regional differentiation in 2015,the regional types of rural "hollowing" level in Yilong County are divided into natural environment dominant type,resource abundance dominant type,traffic condition dominant type and location condition dominant type.The dominant type of natural environment is the most important regional type in Yilong County,and the dominant type of resource abundance accounts for the smallest proportion.towns of different geographical types should formulate measures to deal with the "hollowing " of the countryside according to their own actual situation.The management of rural "hollowing" in mountainous and hilly areas needs to co-ordinate the elements and forces of different scales.Only systematic management from the government,different regional units and farmers individual level can thoroughly alleviate the problem of rural "hollowing".(4)This paper is aimed at the study of rural "hollowing" at Township scale in mountainous and hilly areas.Due to the role of topography and scale,this paper has a more unique perspective than most macro-level studies based on district and county scale.Because of the difference of regional system and regional function,the "hollowing" rule of villages and towns in mountainous and hilly areas may be different from the "hollowing" rule of counties and counties.Therefore,in the process of "rural revitalization",it is of great significance to pay attention to the micro-regional functional unit of township scale in mountainous and hilly areas to alleviate the "hollowing" of rural areas and promote "rural revitalization".