A Comparative Study Of Regional Triple Helix Cooperative Innovation

With the continuous development of economic globalization,any region,including cities,that relies solely on university,government,or industry-independent innovation is increasingly facing difficulty in achieving major innovation breakthroughs.Cross-organizational borders and cross-regional cooperation innovations have become more frequent,and the strict boundaries between various innovation entities have gradually "melted." The university-industry-government(UIG)triple helix refers to the close cooperation and interaction among the government,universities and enterprises,while maintaining their independent identity and characteristics,and jointly promoting the continuous optimization of the allocation of innovative resources and the spiraling of performance.Existing research on the measurement relationship of triple helix(TH)cooperative innovation rarely focuses on China and its regions.Few scholars have quantitatively measured the urban university-industry-government TH innovation system.Taking the triple-helix cooperative innovation network relationship among Shanghai,Hefei and Beijing as the research object,we measure the TH relationship of universities,industries,and governments(UIGs)of Beijing,Hefei and Shanghai from the perspectives of horizontal comparison and vertical evolution.Information entropy theory and TH indicators are used to measure the author's institutional information based on the Web of Science(WoS)core collection database and patent data platform of China National Intellectual Property Administration from 2009 to 2018.The TH network is measured by mutual information among institutions.Based on the number of papers,research reveals that relative to governments and industries,universities are the main force of innovation.University-government bilateral cooperation represents the tightest type of network in Shanghai and Hefei.By contrast,university-industry bilateral cooperation in Beijing is the tightest after 2010.The innovation system of UIG cooperation in Beijing,Shanghai and Hefei has started to take shape and reach the best around 2011.However,the tightness of TH relationships in both cities displayed long-term trends of weakening.Based on patent data,the industry is the most important innovation subject in the city innovation system.This has brought about a close bilateral cooperation relationship between the industry and universities and government departments,which has played a significant role in the efficient operation of the innovation system.The cooperation among the three spirals in Beijing and Shanghai has been strengthened,and the triple helix cooperative innovation relationship in Hefei has been weakened year by year.Overall,Beijing's triple helix innovation partnership is the closest,followed by Shanghai,and Hefei is the most loose.Finally,based on the research conclusions,this study proposes policy recommendations for optimizing the triple helix innovation networks of the three major cities from the perspective of universities,governments and industry.It has certain guiding significance for promoting the construction of comprehensive national science centers and innovative cities in the three places.