Research On The Duality Thought In On The Jewish Question

Based on the understanding and reading of On the Jewish Question,this paper has made a new research on the duality thought,which is mainly discussed from the following four aspects: The first part is the historical background of On the Jewish Question.To understand the essence of the thoughts in Marx’s works is indispensable for the elaboration of Ma Zheshi,so this part is a double investigation of the background and theoretical background of the Jewish Question.In the historical period at that time,Firstly,it analyzes the development of European society in the 1940 s,and also focuses on the real problems encountered by Marx during the Rheinische Zeitung period.At the same time,it analyzes the youth Hegel movement which has a great influence on the early Marx thought.The founding of the German-French Yearbook and the rebuttal of Bruno Powell’s Jewish Question.The second part is about the discussion of the duality of society in On the Jewish Question.First of all,it is clearly pointed out that the cause of the social duality is political liberation,and the two concrete manifestations of social duality are the virtual sovereign political state and the material life of the civil society.Secondly,it expounds the characteristics of social duality.The political state has the abstract universality,and the civil society has the speciality of self-interest.Finally,it is pointed out that Marx’s thought has gradually completed the transition from the state to the civil society,and it means that he has got rid of the imprisonment of Hegel’s logical framework and the philosophical journey of independence and creation of a new world view.The third part is the issue of the duality of people in The Jewish Question.The dichotomy between the political state and the civil society has led to the dualization of people.It manifests itself as a citizen in political life and as a private person in social life.The duality of people also has two characteristics: the first is negative speciality;the second is positive universality.The negative particularity characterized by independence is the acquired and artificial attribute,while the positive universality characterized by"direct existence" and "perceptual existence" is a natural and inherent attribute.To achieve true universality,we must use speciality as an intermediary.Marx believes that toprevent universality from being abstract,fictional,and unrealistic,then this universality cannot be "abstract citizens." "Based on the fact that it should not rely on externally imposed and imposed attributes,but only from direct,emotional,and realistic personal development.Therefore,Marx advocates the direct existence and perceptual existence of human beings as an intermediary link to achieve universality.The fourth part is the elaboration of the meaning of the dualism in The Jewish Question.This part is divided into two aspects.The first aspect is the theoretical significance of the dualism thought.It mainly talks about the significance of Marx’s alienation theory and its significance to Marx’s historical materialism.The second aspect is the practical significance of the dualization thought,which is divided into the meaning of realizing human freedom and all-round development and the significance of China’s socialist modernization.Finally,it is a comprehensive summary of the position of the book On the Jewish Question in the development of Marx’s thoughts.