Research On Community Economy And Public Cognition And Management Countermeasures In Heilongjiang Area Of Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park

In recent years,as the country has continuously attached importance to the construction of ecological civilization,accelerating the resources integration and establishing a natural protection zone in conformity with China's national conditions has become a trend and a top priority.China is now in a critical period of development and exploration of national parks.It is not only necessary to take conservation work as the core mission,but also to consider the relationship between local economic development and park construction,and to coordinate the contradiction between protection and utilization.From the perspective of national park social development and public participation,this paper summarizes the experience and lessons of foreign national park development and the development process of national parks in China.The Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park(within the Heilongjiang pilot area)is used as the research area,combined with the methods of questionnaire survey,field investigation and literature research,this paper is focus on the investigation and research on working staff and community residents in the survey area in aspects of population characteristics,financial balance,opinions and suggestions towards the park as well as tourism preference and park publicity of all visitors or tourists.The survey has provided scientific data support for the future social development of the park.The results show that:(1)Community economic development depends on forestry natural resources.Most households use aquaculture and economic crops as the main source of income,such as fungus.The per capita annual income of the villagers is 15,378 yuan,and the income level reaches the middle level of the province.(2)There is a large gap between the rich and the poor.The Gini coefficient is 0.4876,and 54.36%of the community residents belong to the middle-lower income family.(3)Through the promotion of relevant local departments,most of the community residents in the region know about the park and support its construction.However,they are not very familiar with the contents of the park construction and related policies and they are sensitive to the problem of ecological migration,67.69%of the residents are willing to carry out.Most of the ecological immigrants are longing for improving family living conditions by national policies.The rest of the residents are more confused about future policies,worry about their future livelihood and homesickness.They are neutral and opposed to the relocation.(4)The employees in the region are mainly middle-aged males with college education,lacking young backbones,and the front-line workers are more remote and poorly treated.With the continuous development of the park,working difficulty of staff increases but the treatment has not been highly improved as well.(5)Employees have a supportive attitude towards park construction and hope to take this chance to get higher salary and obtain better job opportunities.(6)The public education work of the park has achieved good results.(7)The development of regional tourism is backward,lacking detailed scientific plan and complete tourism supporting infrastructure.The tourism activities are mainly based on the surrounding residents' sightseeing and tourism,which has not promoted the local economic development.The visitors lack understanding of the park and the park publicity has Regional limitations.Through investigation and analysis,the problems arising from the current social development of the park are obtained,including the imbalance of the age structure of the staff,hard working conditions,too depend on natural resources,single industrial structure,large family income gap of community,serious gap between the rich and the poor,wild animals threaten towards people's life and property,absence of relevant policy subsidies,backward tourism development,less cooperation between communities and protected areas,limited publicity scope and content of Tiger and Leopard Park,one-sided public perception and so on.The recommendations are as follows:(1)Effectively integrate resources and improve the utilization of natural resources.(2)Use the new media means to enhance the influence of the Tiger Leopard Park and popularize science education.(3)Pay attention to people's livelihood issues and accelerate policy formulation and implementation.(4)Encourage community residents to participate in the construction of the Tiger Leopard Park and develop synergistically.(5)Develop forest tourism according to local conditions and promote the unification of ecological,economic and social benefits of national parks.