A Study On The Impact Of Relocation On Farmers' Welfare

In 2015,the State Council promulgated the Work Programme for Poverty Alleviation and Relocation in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan Period,which proposed that about 10 million poor people living in the area where "one side of the soil and water can not support one side of the people" should be relocated.As one of the "five in a batch" projects,relocation is becoming more and more important in realizing immigration,poverty alleviation and environmental protection,including social,economic and ecological aspects.With more than 10 provinces(regions)such as Shaanxi,Guizhou,Jiangxi,Ningxia and Gansu have launched relocation plans with similar contents and starting points and put them into practice actively,the focus of relocation has shifted from how to make farmers "move out" at the beginning to how to make farmers "live steadily" at present,from the initial stage of compensation and resettlement to the stage of transformation of production adaptation and community integration.At this time,the improvement of farmers welfare is not only an important indicator to evaluate the degree of achieving policy objectives,but also related to the progress of "five batches of" poverty alleviation projects,and directly affects the sustainability of peasant household livelihood and the improvement of social welfare,which has very important research value.With the acceleration of the process of ecological environment protection,natural disaster prevention and poverty alleviation and development in Northwest China,large-scale relocation activities will continue,and the improvement of peasant household welfare will also become the key consideration of the government in the relocation policy adjustment.Taking 1137 households in three cities of southern Shaanxi as an example,this paper establishes a welfare index system based on the theory of capability,divides the welfare into three aspects: living conditions,social environment and economic conditions by factor analysis,and studies the impact of relocation on the welfare of households by propensity score matching method.And based on the characteristics of migrants in southern Shaanxi,this paper constructs the transmission mechanism of "relocation to employment choice and living environment to welfare".Taking the employment choice and living environment of peasant households after relocation as intermediary variables,this paper establishes the welfare index system,chooses the formative index of structural equation model,and uses partial least squares regression method to measure the influence mechanism of farmers welfare under relocation.The results show that the relocation improves the living conditions of peasant households,and has no significant impact on the social environment and economic conditions of peasant households.And relocation policies,including migration subsidy,resettlement infrastructure and employment training,have a real impact on farmers' welfare,and this effect is achieved through transmission mechanism.The relocation directly affects farmers' employment choice,living conditions and social environment,and then indirectly affects their family income,health status and subjective psychological well-being.Among them,the impact on employment choice is the greatest,followed by social environment and living conditions,family income,health and subjective psychological impact is slightly weak.Finally,according to the influence of relocation on peasant households' welfare and transmission mechanism,the paper puts forward targeted measures to improve peasant households' welfare.It suggests that relevant departments carry out diversified resettlement methods,try their best to implement land resettlement to meet their land needs,strengthen vocational skills training for peasant households,enhance employment competitiveness,strengthen industrial support for resettlement sites,implement rural revitalization strategy.In addition,relevant departments should improve medical security system can solve farmers' worries,improve rural financial market and integrate urban and rural development,so as to ensure that farmers' welfare is improved and sustainable development is realized.