Time And Space Differences Of The Impact Of Urban Public Service On Employment Quality

In the past 40 years,China’s social economy has developed rapidly,and people’s income has increased markedly.With modernization and urbanization,the population movement between regions has become more frequent and extensive,which has a profound impact on the scale and structure of employment.At present,China’s economy has entered a new normal,the economic structure is undergoing profound adjustment,and reform and opening up have entered the deep-water period.Traditional industries have been unable to effectively promote sustainable economic development.In the process of economic transformation,employment pressure continues to increase,and employment is the most important issue of people’s livelihood.Developing urban public services is an important way to solve employment problems.This paper takes urban employment and urban public services as the research object,and discusses the mechanism and empirical evidence of the impact of urban public services on employment.In recent years,China has vigorously built a service-oriented government to promote the equalization of public services,but the total number of unemployed people remains high.In 2019,college graduates are expected to reach 8.2 million.By then,the employment situation will become more severe,so we need to do the multi-dimensional empirical study of the employment effect of public services to provide a policy basis for the use of urban public services to solve employment problems.Through the theoretical and empirical analysis,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows.First,nationally,basic public services and quality public services can promote economic growth.However,due to the serious regional imbalance of developmental public services and limited spillover effects,developmental public services have a negative impact on employment.Population and GDP are not the main factors driving employment.Due to insufficient investment,the proportion of public service fiscal expenditure hinders employment,but in terms of employment itself,the employment stock can bring about an increase in employment growth.Second,there are significant differences between different levels of cities in the impact of public services on employment.Developed cities mainly rely on developmental public services and quality public services,but the rise of population and economy will not necessarily benefit employment.Basic public services and developmental public services are regional central cities’ advantages,while regional key cities attract employment only by developmental public services,but their “demonstration effect” of employment is the strongest.In contrast,only basic public services in developing cities can promote employment.It can be seen that labor loss is difficult to reverse in the short term.Third,the impact of urban public services on employment is different due to the different urban development stage.In the low-level urban development stage,employment is mainly driven by economy and investment.It is low-quality employment growth.When in high-level urban development stage,employment depends mainly on public services.For developed cities,the employment effect of public services has increased significantly in a certain period of time,but for developing cities,the employment effect of public services has significantly deteriorated,and labor is accelerating outflow from developing cities.The main innovations of the article include: First,the article classifies urban public services from a macro perspective at the demand level,and describes and explores the impact of public services on employment quality from three levels: basic,development and promotion.Second,the article constructs a macro-scale measure of urban employment quality,including employment scale,better income guarantee and employment structure changes,and provides reference for the study of employment quality.Third,the article focuses on the regional and temporal differences in the impact of urban public services on employment quality,and presents the status quo and proposes solutions in a regional and dynamic perspective.