The Study Of Huang Zongxi's Thount Of Power Restriction

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,the drastic social turbulence and the political upheaval of breaking the monarchy and subjugation promoted a large number of scholars to reflect on the Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties,criticize the malpractices of Ming Dynasty and re-recognize the traditional political thinking and political system.On the basis of criticism and reflection,they advocated the reform of the system and the restriction of monarchy,forming a far-reaching trend of social and political criticism.Huang Zongxi is a typical representative figure in this trend of thought.His critical,breakthrough and creativity in political thinking represent the highest achievement of traditional political theory in many aspects and provide important ideological data for modern Chinese enlightenment thought.Huang Zongxi was tempered into a realistic scholar and fighter by the drastic changes of history and his life experiences.The most brilliant point of his thought is his bold and bitter criticism of feudal monarchy and his thought of power restriction put forward on the basis of criticism.Huang Zongxi regards the world as the value yardstick,and deeply re-understands the monarchy consciousness,political relations and political system under the monarchy autocracy system.He shifts the focus of political thinking from the Confucian tradition to the exhortation of themonarch and the spiritual cultivation of the officials to the external restriction of the power of the monarch and officials.This is of great significance in the history of political thought.It is undeniable that due to the limitations of the times,Huang Zongxi's thought of power restriction is essentially different from that of power balance under a democratic regime.However,the reasonable part of his thought of power restriction still enlightens the development and perfection of the theory of power restriction in contemporary China.This paper is divided into five parts.The first part introduces the background and research value of this paper,combs the relevant research status of domestic and foreign scholars,expounds the content and methods of this study,and points out the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.In the second part,starting from Huang Zongxi's personal experience and social background,the author makes an in-depth study of the formation and development of his power restriction thought,and expounds the social and historical reasons and theoretical basis for its formation.The third part summarizes the main content of the power restriction thought from the micro perspective by reading the first-hand materials and related books,and explores the most distinctive part of the thought and condenses its characteristics from the macro perspective.The fourth part analyses the historical significance and limitation of Huang Zongxi's thought of power restriction from the viewpoint of historical materialism.The fifth part aims to dig out the reasonable part of his thought,and provide useful ideological resources for the development of the thought of power restriction and the reform of political system in contemporary China.