Huang Zongxi's People-based Political Thoughts

The period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was called the end of "ancient history" by the historians.It was an important time node for social transformation.Social transformation is a holistic social structural change.It shows continuous changes and adjustments.It is generally accompanied by gradual changes in economic,social,and ideological concepts.There is an interactive relationship between ideas and society.The transformation of ideology and culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was also part of the social transformation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.As one of the "three people" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,Huang Zongxi was called "the father of Chinese intellectual enlightenment." In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,when the times changed and the order collapsed and the order was urgently restored or reconstructed,Huang Zongxi himself had a deep understanding of the political corruption at that time,and he eventually went to the path of criticism and reconstruction of the old system.Huang Zongxi's political ideology is systemic.This is reflected in the fact that his entire political ideology starts from the basic principle of people-oriented value pursuit,criticizes the old system,and reconstructs a good political system.Huang Zongxi's people-based political thoughts are mainly concentrated in the book “Mingyi Waiting to be Visited.” This article is based on the research of Huang Zongxi's people-based political thought.This article is divided into four parts:In the first part,I study the external clues of Huang Zongxi's political thoughts.The social contradictions of autocratic politics and the destruction of the homeland are the realistic reasons why Huang Zongxi criticized and rebuilt the political system of the Ming Dynasty.Judging from the desire to criticize Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism is the theoretical resource of Huang Zongxi's criticism and reconstruction of the Ming political system.The second part discusses the internal path of Huang Zongxi's political thought.Systematic ideology usually starts from a basic principle and then constructs an ideological system.The people-oriented value pursuit is the basic principle of Huang Zongxi's system of political thought,and is the logical starting point for the construction of its entire ideological system.When verifying the logical starting point,first of all,from the perspective of historical experience,it is concluded that good politics should be based on the people,and taking people as the basis should benefit the people.In the end,aiming at the issue of what should be the case for the people's interest,we must unify the interests of the people and the public interest through the method of coordinating private interests.The third part discusses Huang Zongxi's people-oriented political thought and system construction around the book "Mr.Huang Zongxi's political thought started from the basic principle of taking people as the foundation,criticized and reconstructed the starting point of power and the power network system,and practiced his political ideals through specific institutional constructions such as law,placement,and designing schools.In the fourth part,the influence and evaluation of Huang Zongxi's people-based political thought.The influence of the people-based political ideology is mainly discussed in two aspects: academic and modern reform.The evaluation part of Huang Zongxi's political thought of the people is divided into two parts: First,compared with the traditional people-oriented thought,the overriding aspect of Huang Zongxi's thought lies in the critique of the autocratic monarchy system.To construct the system;second is to analyze the limitations of its people-oriented thinking.In the power system constructed by Huang Zongxi,the people are still the “object” of power,and at the same time,they also lack the effectiveness of limiting power.