Research On The Living Conditions And Social Support Of Factual Orphans In Rural Areas

The “factual orphans” group has gradually entered people's field of vision with several child protection incidents exposed by the media in recent years,and their difficult situation has begun to be known to the public.For the one thing,the orphans do not have a sound and harmonious family environment as normal children.For the other thing,they are not included in the social security system like orphans.This makes the factual orphans group break into a more isolated and helpless situation and generally “lose their voice” in the search for social assistance so that their rights are more easily ignored by the government and society.Our country's social assistance for the factual orphans is still in the exploration and starting stage,and there are still many imperfections.It is very urgent to improve the survival dilemma of the factual orphans.Social support is of great significance to the physical and mental development of the orphans.The study of the social support of the factual orphans will help to effectively understand and improve their living conditions.In order to understand and study the survival status and social support status of rural factual orphans,the author conducted a field investigation of rural orphans in X county of Linfen city mainly by questionnaire survey,supplemented by interviewing method and observational method.Conduct on-the-spot investigations on the factual orphans,primary caregivers and school teachers,and carry out statistical analysis of the collected questionnaires using the data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0,in order to provide data support for the next study.In addition,this study also interviewed with factual orphans,primary caregivers,social organizations and other relevant personnel to observe the living environment and interaction of the orphans.Through in-depth communication with the factual orphans and their main caregivers,the author can get more information about the social support of the factual orphans,and by participating in the life and learning scenes of the factual orphans to form an intuitive understanding of their living conditions.The field survey and research results of rural factual orphans show that the rural factual orphans living on the edge of orphans have extremely difficult living conditions and their social support network is very weak.On the one hand,there are many problems in the living conditions of rural orphans,and the needs of life and development have not been effectively met.In terms of family economic conditions,the factual orphan families have a single source of economic resources and extremely limited economic level,and their embarrassing economic situation urgently needs help;in terms of basic life,there are still problems of lack of clothing and nutrition;in terms of education,most rural factual orphans' academic performance is at a medium level,and the loss of rural teachers also affects the learning and development of the factual orphans.In the care of the factual orphans,nearly 70% of the factual orphans are raised by the(outside)grandparents,and there is a lack of communication and neglect of spiritual concerns;In terms of interpersonal communication,the factual orphans are more shy and passive,and their interpersonal communication is not good.At the same time,there are psychological problems such as loneliness,low self-esteem and low self-evaluation.On the other hand,there is still a great lack of social support for the factual orphans.At the macro level,the legal and policy levels have not yet formed a clear and unified definition,lacking special policies and funds for the rescue of factual orphans.At the meso level,the current social organization specializing in factual orphans is limited,and their support is mostly short-term and low-level.There is a lack of teachers in rural schools,and their psychological and emotional concerns are insufficient.On the micro level,the guardianship model based on intergenerational support has certain limitations,family education is missing,the economic and emotional support provided by the relatives and family is relatively inadequate,and the social support of the orphans primary caregivers,especially the senior caregivers,is insufficient.The dilemma of the factual orphans is multi-faceted and long-term.The resolution of the orphans problems requires long-term attention,multi-directional support systems and continuous assistance.It is necessary to establish a perfect social support system for rural orphans.First,improve macro social support,strengthening legal definition and policy formulation to bring the status of the orphans' welfare assistance to the right;secondly,promote meso-level social support by gathering multiple forces to support the improvement of the plight of the fact orphans;finally,enhance micro social support by empowering the orphan families,and exploring and cultivating the ability of the orphans themselves,with the family as the priority.