Research On The Living Conditions And Influencing Factors Of Factual Orphans In Rural Areas Of Shanxi Province

Factual orphans(or factual unaccompanied children)refer to minors under the age of 18 whose parents are still alive but objectively unable or subjectively unwilling to raise them.Incapacity includes severe disability,serious illness,imprisonment in custody,compulsory isolation and detoxification,being executed with other measures restricting personal freedom,losing contact,being disqualified from guardianship,and being deported.No intention means that one or both parents have no complete intention to support,including abandonment,abuse,non payment of maintenance or living expenses,etc.According to the statistics of the Ministry of civil affairs in November 2017,there are at least 610 thousand factual orphans in China,and the actual number may be even larger.Compared with orphans in the traditional sense,the identity of factual orphans is non permanent,reversible and repetitive.Their living conditions are often ignored and need more attention and help from all walks of life.In order to deeply understand the living conditions of factual orphans in Shanxi Province and influencing factors,this paper uses the methods of questionnaire,interview and participatory observation to conduct a field survey on factual orphans in nine cities of Shanxi Province.A total of 655 questionnaires were collected(including 300 factual orphans themselves and 355 main caregivers of factual orphans),and more than 10 relevant principals of schools and public welfare organizations were interviewed,300 orphan families were participated in the observation.After the questionnaire was collected,SPSS was used for data analysis.As for the living conditions of factual orphans,the survey shows that on the whole,their living conditions are not ideal.Material conditions are an important basis for their survival.However,the main caregivers lack the necessary labor ability,and the whole family can only live on assistance and subsidies.In terms of education,there are a few factual orphans who drop out of school.The factual orphans who study in school generally have poor performance in class and after class,and lack academic goals and life planning.Prominent problems are manifested in mental health and interpersonal communication.Through the measurement and analysis of scales,it is found that they are relatively weak in emotional expression and communication,and are prone to emotional and behavioral problems.There are major problems in interpersonal communication and poor interpersonal relationship in school.As for the influencing factors of the living conditions of factual orphans,the survey shows that: first,in terms of policies and systems,there are some problems in the relevant policies of factual orphans,such as low public awareness,difficult application and identification,difficult guarantee of living subsidies to meet life needs,and understanding deviation in implementation.Secondly,some socialized subjects did not play an effective role.Due to age,education level and other factors,the main caregivers have a relatively backward concept of upbringing.They ignore the construction of the psychological health of factual orphans.Especially for girls,they are often neglected in the family,and their living conditions are even worse.In real life,due to the complex family situation and the fact that some of factual orphans are physically weak or suffer from certain genetic diseases,they are excluded and isolated from the same age groups(mainly classmates and fellow townsmen),so it is difficult to have normal communication with the same age groups.But these issues have not received enough attention.As an important non-governmental organization,social public welfare organizations have indeed provided some practical material help.However,they do not go deep into the inner world and spiritual feelings of those children,and lack sustainable and accompanying assistance,which is likely to make the already fragile heart of factual orphans unable to be comforted.As an important social place,the school lacks professional psychological counselors and social workers.It is difficult for teachers and head teachers to find the psychological problems of orphans.Even if it is found,they don’t know how to solve and dredge it.In fact,factual orphans lack the necessary objects to talk to and channels to vent,and can not get spiritual comfort from others.All these factors lead to the fact that their overall socialization level is not high.The specific manifestations are the lack of socialization of life skills,the lack of socialization of means of livelihood,the lack of socialization of behavior norms and the lack of socialization of life goals.This also brings us questions: in this case,how can factual orphans go to society,adapt to society,integrate into society and truly become "social people" ?In view of the above problems,this paper puts forward four suggestions: first,policies should fully ensure the basic material life of factual orphans.Improve the public awareness of the policy and make the relevant policies truly benefit the factual orphans and their families.Raise the subsidy standard and improve the living standard.Strict examination and approval shall be carried out,and the actual orphans’ dynamic data shall be established to truly grasp the factual orphans’ situation.Fully guarantee those in the transition period.Secondly,multiple subjects jointly safeguard the educational rights of factual orphans,alleviate their academic anxiety,and establish academic planning and goals.Third,multiple parties should jointly maintain the mental health and interpersonal relationship of factual orphans.Social workstations are set up in some schools where there are a large number of factual orphans.Professional social workers establish special files for them,and track and pay close attention to their life and psychological conditions in time.In addition,teachers also need to actively guide the good atmosphere in the school to avoid the exclusion of factual orphans in the campus.At the same time,public welfare organizations should provide various types and ways of help for factual orphans.In addition to material help,psychological counseling is also essential.Provide continuous family companionship and growth care for factual orphans,promote mental health development,improve interpersonal skills and enhance their social adaptation.Finally,improve children’s socialization level in multiple ways.Encourage orphans to actively integrate into society.In social practice,experience social roles,adapt to society and improve the degree of socialization.Help them go to school,find jobs and improve their ability to make a living and help them better integrate into society.