Research On The Differentiation Of Population Aging In China

Population aging has been global topic for discussion in the 21 st century.With the rapid population aging and the large scale of the aging population in China,research on the differentiation of population aging is of great significance for the current �active aging�.Based on the measure indicators,such as population aging rate,population aging type,this paper systematically analyzes the differentiation of population aging in China from the perspectives of region,group and policy.By constructing multiple regression models and error correction models,the differential mechanism of population aging is revealed,and corresponding policy suggestions are proposed.Relative findings are as follows:(1)Regional differences in population aging are obvious.Firstly,the scale of aging population in urban areas has increased relatively significantly,but population aging rate in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas.The population aging rate gap between urban and rural areas tends to be larger.On the whole,population aging in urban areas is negatively correlated with the development of urbanization.The negative adjustment in the eastern urban areas is much stronger than that in the rural areas,but the negative effect in the central and western areas is not significant.Secondly,aging population in China's urban agglomeration continues to expand,with the Yangtze river delta,Chengdu-Chongqing and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei being the most,while the distribution of aging population gravity center changes little,and the distribution pattern is relatively stable.Population aging type in China's urban agglomeration tends to be balanced regionally,with the overall gradual transition from the shallow aging stage to the deep aging stage,but there exists regression in some cities.Birth rate,death rate and other population development factors play an important role,while social development factors are increasingly important,whose influence shows different directions.(2)Different aging groups,such as the oldest-old,the elderly immigrants,the empty nest elderly,show regional agglomeration.The scale of the oldest-old and the empty nest elderly is relatively the highest in East China,which is also the main departure place for the elderly immigrants.Advanced population aging rate is relatively higher in South and East China,while the proportion of the empty nest elderly in the aging population is relatively higher in Northeast,Northwest and Southwest China.Natural factors are the basic factors for the distribution of the oldest-old,while socio-economic development factors play a significant role.Under the �dualistic� household registration system,the elderly immigrants are mainly rural elderly,and first-tier cities and big cities are more attractive to the elderly immigrants.Non-labor income and family structure plays an important role for the regional differentiation of the proportion of the elderly immigrants and the empty nest elderly in the aging population.(3)Local endowment insurance policies among the provinces show �localization� under the whole national policy,which reflects that population aging policy is characterized by regional disequilibrium.The per capita pension level in eastern China is relatively high,and the minimum standard for basic pension in Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai is relatively high.The regional distribution of health education for the elderly in Jinan is unbalanced and the grade also varies greatly among counties,which occupies absolute advantages in Tianqiao district,Huaiyin district,Lixia district and Central district.Therefore,it is necessary to formulate differentiated strategies to actively respond to population aging on the reality of different regions and the differences in needs of different aging groups.