The Study Of The Basic Unit Of Rural Grass-roots Governance

As an important part of the national governance system,rural grass-roots governance must operate in a certain space and rely on the corresponding social organizations,which forms the basic unit of rural grass-roots governance.The basic unit of rural grass-roots governance is the smallest unit that can solve all kinds of public problems in rural grass-roots,including the basic unit of administration,the basic unit of autonomy,the basic unit of service,etc.With the development of the historical process and the change of the rural economy and society,the basic unit of rural grass-roots governance in China is constantly changing.It has gone through several stages,such as the traditional period,the modern state construction period,the people's public period,the reform and development period,and the rural tax reform period.At present,some places are also actively exploring the most suitable basic unit for rural areas.This paper takes Village C of J County in Southwest Shandong Province as an example,describes and analyzes the current situation of the operation of several governance unit levels in the village governance,such as township management area,administrative village,natural village and villagers' group,and finds that each governance unit of the village does not fully comply with the provisions of the policy text,but has its own set of rules.The administrative district is the subordinate and agent organization of various administrative tasks of the township party committee and government,the main body of governance interacting with the village,and the informal basic administrative unit that does not exist in the legal text;the administrative village cannot effectively play the role of villagers' autonomy due to its"semi familiar society" characteristics in actual operation,making it a formal basic unit of autonomy;the natural village because of its region and culture The characteristics of "acquaintance society" such as transformation and clan have become the basic unit of governance identity and played a certain role in self governance;because of its historical evolution and the collective nature of land and property rights,the villagers' group has become the actual basic unit of autonomy,effectively playing the governance role of organization and mobilization,maintaining order and balancing interests.The basic unit of C village governance can not fully play its legitimacy and effectiveness.In its operation,there are problems such as insufficient administrative capacity,low level of service,formalization of villagers' autonomy,etc.these problems are caused by problems with grass-roots government governance,the continuation of rural governance tradition under the "differential pattern",the contradiction between administration and autonomy,and national laws and regulations and local people The game of rules is inseparable.According to the existing theoretical research results and some local practices,this paper holds that in order to improve the level of rural grass-roots governance,we should adjust the basic unit of administration,integrate the basic unit of service and adjust the basic unit of autonomy.In addition,the establishment and effective operation of the basic units of rural governance should take into account the traditional reality factors,avoid "one size fits all" administrative intervention,and need the support of the national policy level.