The Cattle And The Social Governance In Qing Dynasty-under The View Of Social History Of Law

Cattle is one of the most important labor force in the agricultural society.The fact that it can greatly increase the labor productivity makes the cattle become the key of continuing expand reproduction.The research combines with the legal evolution in the past,analysis the legal provisions related to cattle,to investigate the cattle and the social governance in Qing Dynasty.The cattle-eating custom is a long tradition with historical continuity,which is drastically different to the political practice and ideology of the emperor,the magistrate,or even ordinary local elite.As a matter of fact,the beef cattle knowledge had been hidden at some place in Qing Dynasty.This situation changed in the end of Qing Dynasty,when western people and the culture of cattle-eating was introduced into China.In the National Reclamation and Disaster Relief Policies of the Qing Dynasty,the policy of officially cattle supplying is based on the consider of settling the people and the frontier,alone as stabilizing the social order.The policy helps the people in the period of deterritorialization into reterritorialization.The article also looks into the social crime in Qing Dynasty,the cattle stealing was regarded as the source of theft,which is completely different from nowadays' view.Apart from that,the using cattle for payment cases in local debt dispute,shows a meaningful section in the phenomenon of using goods for payment in the debt relationship.The conflict of benefit due to the high value of cattle,provides a typical perspective on the study of local social conflicts in the Qing Dynasty.