Study On The Law Of Grain Expropriation And Transportation In Ming Dynasty

Caoyun is a unique and far-reaching social activity in ancient China,involving the collection,transportation,storage and management of rivers and other materials.In his doctoral thesis "Research on the Water Transport Law of the Qing Dynasty",Dr.Li Qun defined the water transport law as the rules on water transport activities established by the centralized state,implemented by the bureaucracy,and obliged by all participants.In the Ming Dynasty,due to the needs of military activities and the need for palace royalties and the salaries of officers and soldiers after the capital was moved,water transportation activities became more frequent,and the court's dependence on water transportation reached its peak.In order to ensure the normal operation of a powerful centralized governance institution,the Ming Dynasty's water transportation law was further improved in terms of code style and legal content,especially for the establishment of a strict and sound management organization for water transportation.This article first takes the evolution of the water transport method before the Ming Dynasty as the starting point,clarifies the development trajectory of the water transport method,and then sorts out the legal origin of the water transport method in the Ming Dynasty.Focusing on the special subject of Caoliang,the legal regulations of the three links of expropriation,removal and storage are studied.It focuses on analyzing how the Ming Dynasty maintained the stability of the transportation by establishing officials and creating a strict system of rewards and punishments for officials.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this article is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is an introduction.The remaining five chapters are as follows:The second chapter studies the evolution and legal origin of the water transport law.First,define the concepts of the water transportation and the water transportation law,sort out the evolution of the water transportation law from Qin and Han to Song and Yuan,and then sort out the legal sources of the water transportation law in the Ming Dynasty: laws,regulations,conventions,orders,and statements,etc.,Transportation and warehousing for research.The third chapter studies the legal system of the collection of grain in the Ming Dynasty.Mainly study the two major agencies of water transportation supervisors and affairs;regulations on the procedures,types,and quotas of the collection of water grains in various regions;the form,amount,and use of water grain reforms.Chapter 4 studies the legal system of grain transportation in the Ming Dynasty.Mainly researches the transportation methods and limits of the grain transportation;the regulations onthe allocation and change of freight during the transportation process;the regulations on the examination and accountability of officials during the collection and transportation process.The fifth chapter studies the legal system of grain storage in the Ming Dynasty.Mainly analyze the daily operation procedures of warehousing,including storage rules and repair and maintenance;the three major uses of warehousing withdrawals and withdrawal procedures;and the examination and accountability regulations of officials in the process of warehousing management.The sixth chapter reviews and analyzes the method of collecting and transporting grain during the Ming Dynasty.It mainly analyzes the characteristics of its legal form,the establishment of officials,and the punishment of crimes;the social impact it produces.