Research On The Effects Of Healthy Immigrant And Health Depletion Of The Rural-to-Urban Migrants

Guided by the urbanization policy and the reform of the household registration system,the labor force continues to flow between regions through developed transportation and communication facilities.In recent years,the number of migrants in China has increased dramatically,with the fastest growth rate of the rural-to-urban migrants.Due to the relative lack of educational resources in rural areas and the low level of education of the labor force,health has become a key factor affecting the human capital of rural labor.While vigorously promoting the process of industrialization and urbanization,it is necessary to pay attention to the health problems of migrants in rural areas.Research on international immigration found thatimmigrants are healthier than local residents,which is known as the “healthy immigration effect”.The deterioration of the health of immigrants is more obvious than that of local residents.This is called the “health depletion effect”.This paper uses the data of 2013 Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS2013)to establish a generalized order logit model to compare the floating population of the township with the local working population of the city to study whether there are healthy immigrants and health depletion effects in the process of population movement in China.Further,considering that there are significant differences in the level of economic development between regions in China,economically developed regions can provide more employment opportunities and higher wages for the labor force,so these regions are more attractive to migrants.While,healthy rural labor is more willing to flow into these areas,which may lead to a more healthy migration effect in economically developed areas.At the same time,the current household registration system reform process has regional differences.It is faster in small towns,and slower in large cities.Therefore,the social integration of floating population may be more serious in economically developed region.Migrants face more social discrimination and exclusion in these areas,which leads to a more obvious health depletion effects.After examining the effects of healthy immigration and health depletion from the overall level,the paper then tests these two effects from the regional level,studying the differences of these two effects between economicallydeveloped regions and backward regions.The research in this paper finds:(1)There are healthy immigration and health depletion effects in the process of population movement in rural areas of China.On the one hand,the health status of migrants in rural areas is significantly better than the health of the local working population.On the other hand,with the increase of age,the migrant population in the township shows a more obvious decline in health status than the local working population in the city.(2)There are differences between regions in terms of healthy immigration and health depletion effects.Compared with inland areas,economically developed coastal areas have significant health immigration and health depletion effects.In the comparison of the eastern,central and western regions,there are obvious healthy immigration and health depletion effects in the eastern region.The effect of healthy immigration in the central region is not obvious,but the health depletion effect is obvious.In the economically backward western region,neither effect is obvious.Compared with the net inflowing provinces,the provinces with net outflows have significant health immigration and health depletion effects.Based on this,we believe that the protection of the rights and interests of rural-to-urban migrants should be strengthened.In particular,the social integration of migrants in economically developed areas should be promoted,the reform of household registration system should be accelerated,and the equalization of social resources such as employment and medicalcare should be realized.Compared with the existing literature,the contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)Considering the obvious regional differences in China,this paper compares the healthy immigrants effect with the health depletion effect between different regions,and expands the research perspective.(2)This paper takes the floating population of the township as the main research object,and the urban local working population as the comparison object,which is more in line with the current urban and rural dual structure and the household registration management system.(3)This paper establishes a generalized order logit model.It meets the requirements of discrete data and makes full use of the information conveyed by the order of data,which is more in line with the actual situation of the data used.